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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Obes. 2022 Oct 11;18(2):e12982. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12982

Table 2.

Associations of maternal insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) in the second trimester of pregnancy with child adiposity measures at the ~5 year follow-up visit

Outcomes Matsuda index (log)
N Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Beta SE P Adj R2 Beta SE P Adj R2 Beta SE P Adj R2
Weight 402 −0.016 0.012 0.21 0 −0.018 0.012 0.13 0.06 0.003 0.013 0.79 0.10
z-score weight 402 −0.122 0.086 0.16 0 −0.119 0.086 0.17 0 0.035 0.092 0.71 0.04
BMI 402 −0.020 0.008 0.01 0.01 −0.019 0.008 0.01 0.01 −0.002 0.008 0.77 0.07
z-score BMI 402 −0.197 0.08 0.01 0.01 −0.194 0.08 0.02 0.01 −0.018 0.085 0.83 0.07
Waist circumference 401 −0.012 0.006 0.048 0.01 −0.012 0.006 0.04 0.04 −0.002 0.006 0.79 0.07
Hip circumference 401 −0.011 0.006 0.08 0.01 −0.011 0.006 0.05 0.05 −0.001 0.006 0.93 0.10
Mean tricep skinfold thickness 397 −0.021 0.023 0.36 0 −0.019 0.022 0.38 0.08 0.013 0.023 0.58 0.10
Mean bicep skinfold thickness 399 −0.030 0.029 0.31 0 −0.024 0.027 0.38 0.12 0.025 0.029 0.39 0.15
Mean subscapular skinfold thickness 396 −0.069 0.028 0.01 0.01 −0.066 0.026 0.01 0.12 −0.026 0.028 0.35 0.14
Mean suprailiac skinfold thickness 397 −0.067 0.035 0.06 0.01 −0.064 0.033 0.05 0.12 −0.024 0.036 0.51 0.13
Sum of mean skinfold thickness 396 −0.043 0.025 0.08 0.01 −0.04 0.023 0.08 0.13 0 0.025 0.99 0.17
DXA total fat, % 359 −0.035 0.012 0.006 0.02 −0.034 0.011 0.002 0.26 −0.021 0.012 0.07 0.28
DXA trunk fat, % 359 −0.044 0.015 0.003 0.02 −0.043 0.012 0.0007 0.30 −0.034 0.013 0.01 0.30
DXA total lean mass, g 359 6.34 156.75 0.97 0 −38.62 143.35 0.79 0.17 157.77 154.44 0.31 0.19
DXA total lean mass + BMC, g 359 18.25 162.65 0.91 0 −29.22 148.81 0.84 0.17 173.72 160.35 0.28 0.19
DXA total mass, g 359 −0.015 0.013 0.23 0 −0.019 0.012 0.14 0.06 0.002 0.013 0.86 0.10

Model 1: Unadjusted

Model 2: Adjusted for maternal age, maternal ethnicity (white y/n), gravidity (first pregnancy y/n), offspring sex, offspring age (at the time of outcome measurements)

Model 3: Adjusted for maternal age, maternal ethnicity (white y/n), gravidity (first pregnancy y/n), offspring sex, offspring age (at the time of outcome measurements), and maternal BMI

All outcomes are log-transformed except z score weight, z-score BMI, DXA total lean mass, and DXA total lean mass + BMC

Matsuda index was log-transformed

Adjusted R2: Goodness-of-fit measure adjusted for the number of predictors