Table 2.

Incidence of complications and median Clavien–Dindo grading score in 386 patients with almost one post-operative complication

		Adverse events (num)	Adverse events (%)	Clavien–Dindo score (median)
Intraoperative
18	Unintended intraoperative damage to major vessels and/or organs requiring reconstruction or resection	4	1.0	–
20	Intraoperative bleeding requiring urgent transfusion	2	0.5	–
22	Unexpected medical conditions interrupting or changing the planned procedure	0	0.0	–
Post-operative general
1	Non-surgical infections	113	29.2	II
9	Pleural effusion requiring drainage	18	4.6	IIIa
10	Pulmonary embolism	14	3.6	IVa
11	Respiratory failure requiring re-intubation	13	3.3	IVa/IVb
13	Acute renal insufficiency/renal failure requiring CVVH/ dialysis	10	2.6	II
14	Need for prolonged intubation (> 24 h after surgery)	8	2.1	III
15	Cardiac dysrhythmia requiring invasive treatment	7	1.8	Unknown
16	Acute myocardial failure with acute pulmonary edema	6	1.5	V
17	Acute liver dysfunction (Child–Pugh > 8 for 48 + hours)	5	1.3	II
19	Pneumothorax requiring treatment	3	0.7	IIIa
20	Need for CPR	2	0.5	IVa/V
20	Myocardial infarction	2	0.5	II/IIIa
21	Need for tracheostomy	1	0.3	V
22	Stroke causing patient's permanent deficit	0	0.0	–
Post-operative surgical
2	Anastomotic leak	67	17.3	IIIb
3	Other post-operative abnormal fluid from drainage, abdominal collections without gastrointestinal leak(s)	61	15.8	II
4	Post-operative bleeding requiring invasive treatment	52	13.4	IIIb
5	Post-operative pancreatic fistula	34	8.8	II
6	Duodenal leak	31	8.0	IIIa
7	Post-operative bowel obstruction	30	7.7	IIIa
8	Other major complications requiring re-intervention or other invasive procedures	21	5.4	IIIb
12	Post-operative bowel perforation or necrosis	12	3.1	IVb
12	Delayed gastric emptying (by 10th post-operative day)	12	3.1	I/IIIa
13	Post-operative pancreatitis	10	2.6	II
Total number of adverse events		538	–	–

Complications are numbered as per incidence