. 2021 Sep 14;38(1):96–105. doi: 10.1007/s13187-021-02083-2

Table 1.

Definition and description of the basic life skills that are trained in this program

Self-perception	Social interaction and conflict management	Self-conscious communication of support needs
- … allows individuals to find out about own emotions based on the observation of their own behavior [28]. Because of internal cues that are too weak, ambiguous or too difficult to interpret, external observable cues can be used to draw conclusions about own internal states [28, 29] - … is associated with the ability to gain an image of ourselves (self-reflection [37])’, i.e. individuals explore and analyze their behavior in past situations; thus, new insights and perspectives can be gained [38, 54], which, in turn, can be transferred to current and future life situations [38]). This process is an important learning experience; whereby behavioral changes can be initiated [38] - … contributes to personal growth through self-awareness [39]. This explains why self-reflection is of great importance in various areas of life (e.g. work, education) [38]	Social interaction: - is an interdependent process, in which messages are exchanged between interaction partners [40, 41]. This communication can be considered as an important basis for all kinds of social interaction [42]. Communication itself can be seen as a social process in which the participants interactively construct a reality [43]. However, wherever people meet and interact with each other, conflicts may arise Conflict management: - Conflicts can be referred to as incompatible tendencies of action [44], which represent a natural process within social interaction [45]. Opposing opinions, attitudes, or behaviors are ubiquitous and normal. Only if the experience is disturbing, conflict-management is necessary [46]	- Communicating needs and actively asking for help are important self-regulatory strategies. It can positively contribute to students learning [47] and to problem solving and learning in organizations [48]. Regarding cancer survivors Zebrack et al. [49] showed that attendees of the advocacy skills training for young adult cancer survivors reported they felt more confident about themselves and how they wanted to direct their lives after this training - These findings suggest that survivors benefit from the ability of communicating their own support needs in a self-conscious way - The prerequisite for this is being aware of one’s own strengths and weaknesses, individual characteristics and belonging to social groups, what can be summed up as the self-concept [50, 51]. Survivors should therefore be trained in having an adequate self-concept that enables them to know where they need support and how to communicate this

Self-perception

Social interaction and conflict management

Self-conscious communication of support needs

- … allows individuals to find out about own emotions based on the observation of their own behavior [28]. Because of internal cues that are too weak, ambiguous or too difficult to interpret, external observable cues can be used to draw conclusions about own internal states [28, 29]

- … is associated with the ability to gain an image of ourselves (self-reflection [37])’, i.e. individuals explore and analyze their behavior in past situations; thus, new insights and perspectives can be gained [38, 54], which, in turn, can be transferred to current and future life situations [38]). This process is an important learning experience; whereby behavioral changes can be initiated [38]

- … contributes to personal growth through self-awareness [39]. This explains why self-reflection is of great importance in various areas of life (e.g. work, education) [38]

Social interaction:

- is an interdependent process, in which messages are exchanged between interaction partners [40, 41]. This communication can be considered as an important basis for all kinds of social interaction [42]. Communication itself can be seen as a social process in which the participants interactively construct a reality [43]. However, wherever people meet and interact with each other, conflicts may arise

Conflict management:

- Conflicts can be referred to as incompatible tendencies of action [44], which represent a natural process within social interaction [45]. Opposing opinions, attitudes, or behaviors are ubiquitous and normal. Only if the experience is disturbing, conflict-management is necessary [46]

- Communicating needs and actively asking for help are important self-regulatory strategies. It can positively contribute to students learning [47] and to problem solving and learning in organizations [48]. Regarding cancer survivors Zebrack et al. [49] showed that attendees of the advocacy skills training for young adult cancer survivors reported they felt more confident about themselves and how they wanted to direct their lives after this training

- These findings suggest that survivors benefit from the ability of communicating their own support needs in a self-conscious way

- The prerequisite for this is being aware of one’s own strengths and weaknesses, individual characteristics and belonging to social groups, what can be summed up as the self-concept [50, 51]. Survivors should therefore be trained in having an adequate self-concept that enables them to know where they need support and how to communicate this