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. 2022 Nov 5;50(3):792–812. doi: 10.1007/s00259-022-05991-7

Table 6.

Potential targets and promising radiotracers for cardio-oncology in the future

Target Involved processes Tracers Potential applications Ref
Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) Overexpression on macrophages [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC, [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC Inflammatory processes (e.g., myocarditis, pericarditis, vasculitis) [102, 103]
αvβ3 integrin receptor Cell adhesion, neoangiogenesis, overexpressed on macrophages [18F]F-galacto-RGD, [68Ga]Ga-PRGD2, [18F]F-fluciclatide Neoangiogenesis, inflammatory processes [104]
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) Activation of fibroblasts Various 68Ga-labeled inhibitors of FAP (e.g., [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46) Myocardial damage [73]
Norepinephrine transporter (NET) Sympathetic innervation of the heart [18F]F-flubrobenguane Denervation as early sign of damage to the heart [101]
Mitochondrial membrane potential Dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane [18F]F-MitoPhos, [68Ga]Ga-Galmydar Mitochondrial dysfunction as early sign of cardiotoxicity [105, 106]
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Superoxide production in processes such as myocardial apoptosis or necrosis [18F]F-DHMT ROS generation as early sign of cardiotoxicity (107)