Table 1.
Demographic variables: mean and standard deviation.
| Controls (N = 185) | BD acute (N = 205) | BD stable (N = 116) | SCZ acute (N = 111) | SCZ stable (N = 75) | F, chi square | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (F,%) (N = 692) | 101 (55%) | 103 (50%) | 66 (57%) | 31 (28%) | 20 (27%) | 44.44 | <.001 |
| Age (mean, SD) (N = 692) | 35.3 (13.2) | 39.8 (15.2) | 42.4 (12.2) | 38.4 (12.5) | 34.7 (8.6) | 7.41 | <.001 |
| DOI (N = 451) | / | 12.8 (13.5) | 19.3 (11.9) | 13.7 (11.7) | 14.5 (8.7) | 7.05 | <.001 |
| Age at onset (N = 451) | / | 26.4 (10.2) | 23.3 (8.6) | 24.7 (7.0) | 20.3 (5.2) | 8.82 | <.001 |
| BMI (N = 288) | / | 27.0 (14.3) | 26.7 (6.1) | 25.2 (5.0) | 27.6 (6.5) | 2.42 | .066 |
| Education (N, %) | / | 54.84 | <.001 | ||||
|
5 (3.1) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (3.4) | 1 (4.0) | |||
|
26 (16.4) | 3 (2.8) | 19 (21.4) | 5 (20.0) | |||
|
53 (33.3) | 22 (20.4) | 43 (48.3) | 6 (24.0) | |||
|
75 (47.2) | 81 (75.0) | 24 (27.0) | 13 (52.0) | |||
| (N = 381) | |||||||
| Current psychotropic medication use (Yes, %) (N = 671) | 0 (0) | 113 (56.0) | 17 (14.9) | 95 (93.1) | 63 (84.0) | 350.24 | <.001 |
| Current antipsychotic use (Yes, %) (N = 671) | 0 (0) | 113 (58.0) | 17 (14.9) | 95 (93.1) | 63 (84.0) | 350.24 | <.001 |
| Chlorpromazine equivalent (mean, SD) (N = 610) | 0 (0) | 182.5 (267.7) | 29.3 (91.1) | 443.8 (348.3) | 360.4 (346.9) | 79.12 | <.001 |
| Current antidepressant use (Yes, %) (N = 671) | 0 (0) | 18 (9.2) | 20 (17.5) | 7 (6.9) | 26 (34.7) | 75.58 | <.001 |
| Current mood stabilizer use (Yes, %) (N = 671) | 0 (0) | 140 (71.8) | 29 (25.4) | 21 (20.6) | 12 (16.0) | 253.41 | <.001 |
| Current benzodiazepine use (Yes, %) (N = 671) | 0 (0) | 75 (38.5) | 12 (10.5) | 37 (36.3) | 12 (16.0) | 110.68 | <.001 |
| Diazepam equivalent (mean, SD) (N = 637) | 0 (0) | 7,7 (15.0) | 2,9 (17.5) | 9,6 (19.7) | 3,3 (15.4) | 10.63 | <.001 |
| YMRS (N = 453) | / | 17.4 (10.9) | 3.2 (3.8) | 13.9 (8.6) | 2.0 (3.1) | 92.80 | <.001 |
| MADRS (N = 411) | / | 16.1 (10.7) | 9.4 (9.0) | 13.0 (8.3) | 11.3 (7.1) | 10.85 | <.001 |
| PANSS_pos (N = 399) | / | 17.8 (7.7) | 8.2 (1.9) | 22.3 (5.3) | 13.2 (5.3) | 67.40 | <.001 |
| PANSS_neg (N = 561) | / | 12.6 (4.8) | 9.0 (2.5) | 20.9 (6.7) | 17.0 (7.0) | 70.53 | <.001 |
| Number of hospitalizations (N = 398) | / | 3.7 (3.9) | 1.8 (2.0) | 4.0 (3.7) | 4.2 (4.1) | 9.48 | <.001 |
| Number of depressive episodes (N = 193) | / | 2.9 (3.4) | 5.3 (4.8) | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.8) | 10.18 | <.001 |
| Number of manic episodes (N = 209) | / | 2.6 (3.0) | 1.3 (2.3) | .7 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 6.69 | <.001 |
| Number of psychotic episodes (N = 228) | / | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2.9 (2.6) | 2.6 (1.8) | 70.19 | <.001 |
| History of suicide attempts (Yes, %) (N = 439) | / | 64 (36.3%) | 16 (16.3%) | 34 (35.1%) | 13 (19.1%) | 17.25 | <.001 |
| Number of suicide attempts (N = 74) | / | .8 (1.6) | .3 (1.0) | .7 (1.7) | .4 (1.0) | 3.04 | .029 |
| History of violent suicide attempts (N = 430) | / | .1 (.3) | .1 (.9) | .2 (.4) | .1 (.3) | 0.55 | .638 |
| Number of hospitalizations/DOI (N = 342) | / | 1.0 (1.8) | .1 (.2) | 1.4 (3.3) | .4 (.5) | 88.51 | <.001 |