Table 4.

Classification performance on the colon test partitions, considering 7 datasets. The performance is reported considering the κ-score (average and standard deviation) of every method tested. Statistically significant results (considering the best method among DDCA and the best method among baselines) are marked with (*).

Dataset/Method	AOEC	Radboudumc	AIDA	GlaS	CRC	UNITO	CAMEL
No strategy	0.551 ± 0.055	0.796 ± 0.021	0.523 ± 0.071	0.098 ± 0.126	0.527 ± 0.097	0.075 ± 0.102	0.108 ± 0.099
Grayscale normalization	0.582 ± 0.025	0.769 ± 0.033	0.601 ± 0.038	0.129 ± 0.083	0.320 ± 0.172	0.148 ± 0.064	0.276 ± 0.108
Macenko color normalization	0.578 ± 0.033	0.762 ± 0.057	0.557 ± 0.035	0.221 ± 0.101	0.602 ± 0.044	0.046 ± 0.081	0.229 ± 0.147
StainGAN	0.418 ± 0.101	0.579 ± 0.238	0.502 ± 0.060	0.187 ± 0.098	0.579 ± 0.071	0.175 ± 0.044	0.262 ± 0.091
StainNET	0.531 ± 0.054	0.566 ± 0.147	0.362 ± 0.118	0.238 ± 0.095	0.337 ± 0.107	0.073 ± 0.102	0.176 ± 0.148
Tuned HSC color augmentation	0.551 ± 0.057	0.768 ± 0.031	0.566 ± 0.042	0.198 ± 0.136	0.494 ± 0.156	0.130 ± 0.050	0.189 ± 0.163
Strong HSC color augmentation	0.337 ± 0.180	0.500 ± 0.272	0.416 ± 0.192	0.064 ± 0.105	0.132 ± 0.177	0.086± 0.075	0.157 ± 0.142
Tuned stain augmentation	0.588 ± 0.038	0.765 ± 0.032	0.521 ± 0.066	0.355 ± 0.110	0.510 ± 0.124	0.110 ± 0.077	0.281 ± 0.098
Strong stain augmentation	0.601 ± 0.037	0.772 ± 0.040	0.508 ± 0.109	0.236 ± 0.146	0.498 ± 0.139	0.179 ± 0.066	0.188 ± 0.089
Domain-adversarial CNN	0.553 ± 0.070	0.695 ± 0.060	0.566 ± 0.067	0.346 ± 0.174	0.331 ± 0.197	0.120 ± 0.089	0.279 ± 0.118
H&E-adversarial CNN	0.592 ± 0.035	0.776 ± 0.030	0.602 ± 0.041	0.343 ± 0.123	0.480 ± 0.160	0.123 ± 0.074	0.214 ± 0.111
HSC DDCA	0.601 ± 0.033	0.768 ± 0.032	0.625 ± 0.039	0.258 ± 0.138	0.558 ± 0.159	0.189 ± 0.091	0.417 ± 0.092*
Stain DDCA	0.580 ± 0.056	0.758 ± 0.047	0.584 ± 0.052	0.242 ± 0.108	0.539 ± 0.187	0.158 ± 0.063	0.296 ± 0.140
HSC DDCA combined with H&E-adversarial CNN	0.626 ± 0.018	0.821 ± 0.032*	0.630 ± 0.054	0.252 ± 0.127	0.662 ± 0.049*	0.208 ± 0.031	0.406 ± 0.065