Table 1.
Characteristics of 1486 participants by the status of microalbuminuria in a cross-sectional study in China in 2017.
| Characteristic | All (n = 1486) | Microalbuminuria | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 1352) | Yes (n = 134) | |||
| Age (years) | 46.2 ± 14.1 | 46.1 ± 14.1 | 47.9 ± 13.4 | 0.158 |
| Male, n (%) | 726 (48.9) | 649 (48.0) | 77 (57.5) | 0.037 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 336 (22.6) | 296 (21.9) | 40 (29.9) | 0.061 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 486 (32.7) | 431 (31.9) | 55 (41.0) | 0.031 |
| Education years, n (%) | 0.973 | |||
| < 9 years | 479 (32.2) | 437 (32.3) | 42 (31.3) | |
| 9–12 years | 688 (46.3) | 625 (46.2) | 63 (47.0) | |
| > 12 years | 319 (21.5) | 290 (21.4) | 29 (21.6) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 607 (40.8) | 546 (40.4) | 61 (45.5) | 0.248 |
| BMI, n (%) | 0.028 | |||
| < 24 | 786 (52.9) | 730 (54.0) | 56 (41.8) | |
| 24–28 | 532 (35.8) | 477 (35.3) | 55 (41.0) | |
| ≥ 28 | 168 (11.3) | 145 (10.7) | 23 (17.2) | |
| WC (cm) | 81.4 ± 9.5 | 81.0 ± 9.3 | 84.5 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.6 ± 19.4 | 128.8 ± 19.2 | 137.5 ± 20.3 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.9 ± 10.9 | 79.4 ± 10.7 | 84.6 ± 12.1 | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.6 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
| Sodium (mg/24 h) | 3849.8 ± 1661.7 | 3809.5 ± 1654.0 | 4263.2 ± 1690.8 | 0.003 |
| Potassium (mg/24 h) | 1491.2 ± 711.8 | 1481.8 ± 711.2 | 1587.0 ± 713.5 | 0.105 |
| NA/K ratio | 4.9 ± 2.4 | 4.9 ± 2.4 | 5.1 ± 2.5 | 0.296 |
| 24-h creatinine, mg/24 h | 10.1 ± 4.8 | 10.0 ± 4.7 | 11.1 ± 5.5 | 0.010 |
| 24-h urine volume, ml/24 h | 1446.8 ± 446.5 | 1433.9 ± 441.9 | 1579.0 ± 472.7 | < 0.001 |
| Serum LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 0.295 |
| Serum TG (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.8 | 0.005 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 508 (34.2) | 448 (33.1) | 60 (44.8) | 0.007 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 525 (35.5) | 451 (33.4) | 74 (55.2) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive drugs, n (%) | 198 (13.4) | 170 (12.6) | 28 (21.2) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 132 (8.9) | 108 (8.0) | 24 (17.9) | < 0.001 |