Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics of participants with autism spectrum disorder of the adequate diffusion MRI data quality across baseline, week 4, and week 8.
| Active-Active (n = 22) |
Sham-Active (n = 27) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (S.D.) | 13.0 (3.2) | 12.9 (2.8) | 0.939 |
| Male, n (%) | 18 (82) | 23 (85) | 0.751 |
| RMSt1 (mm), mean (S.D.) | 0.316 (0.163) | 0.331 (0.220) | 0.976 |
| Total outlierst1 (%), mean (S.D.) | 0.98 (0.86) | 1.07 (0.83) | 0.482 |
| RMSt2 (mm), mean (S.D.) | 0.326 (0.261) | 0.226 (0.062) | 0.164 |
| Total outlierst2 (%), mean (S.D.) | 0.92 (0.73) | 0.70 (0.40) | 0.340 |
| RMSt3 (mm), mean (S.D.) | 0.334 (0.212) | 0.238 (0.107) | 0.090 |
| Total outlierst3 (%), mean (S.D.) | 1.01 (0.79) | 0.85 (0.87) | 0.433 |
| ICVt1 (cm3), mean (S.D.) | 1440.1 (144.1) | 1409.4 (106.5) | 0.396 |
| pSTS/motor proportion of NormE (%), mean (S.D.) | 78.6 (7.7) | 76.5 (11.3) | 0.447 |
| Intelligence quotient (IQ), mean (S.D.) | |||
| Full intelligence | 91.1 (18.2) | 88.1 (14.3) | 0.519 |
| Verbal Comprehension index | 90.2 (19.0) | 90.1 (17.2) | 0.976 |
| Perceptual Reasoning Index | 101.9 (22.3) | 90.4 (22.8) | 0.083 |
| Working Memory Index | 93.8 (19.3) | 89.1 (15.8) | 0.360 |
| Processing Speed Index | 82.8 (16.0) | 85.4 (23.8) | 0.659 |
| Social Responsiveness Scale, mean (S.D.) | 105.8 (22.9) | 99.0 (20.5) | 0.278 |
| Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised, mean (S.D.) | 34.4 (20.0) | 32.7 (20.7) | 0.770 |
| Comorbidity with ADHD, n (%) | 13 (59) | 9 (33) | 0.071 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||
| Methylphenidate | 8 (36) | 5 (19) | 0.159 |
| Atomoxetine | 1 (5) | 1 (4) | 0.882 |
| Antipsychotics | 1 (5) | 3(11) | 0.404 |
Acronyms: S.D. – standard deviation; RMS – relative Root-Mean-Square framewise displacement during diffusion MRI; pSTS – posterior superior temporal sulcus; NormE – normalized induced electric field; ICV – Intra-Cranial Volume.