TABLE 3.

List of genes targeted by cytidine and adenine base editors in cereal crops.

Cereal plant species	Trait improvement	Type of base editor used	Target gene	References(s)
Rice (Oryza sativa)	Nitrogen use efficiency	CBE	NRT1.1B and SLR1	Lu and Zhu (2017)
	Senescence and death	CBE	OsCDC48	Zong et al. (2017)
	Nutritional improvement	CBE	OsPDS and OsSBEIIb	Li et al. (2017)
	Herbicide resistant	CBE	C287	Shimatani et al. (2017)
	Pathogen-responsive gene	ABE	OsMPK6	Yan et al. (2018)
	Defense response	CBE	OsRLCK185 and OsCERK1	Ren et al. (2018)
	Plant architecture and grain yield	ABE	OsSPL14	Hua et al. (2018)
	Herbicide resistance	ABE	OsACC-T1	Li et al. (2018)
	Della protein for plant height	ABE	SLR1	Hua et al. (2018)
	Herbicide resistance	CBE	OsSPL14	Tian et al. (2018)
	Blast resistance	CBE	Pi-d2	Ren et al. (2018)
	Herbicide resistance	CBE	ALS	Veillet et al. (2019)
	Grain size and yield	ABE	GL2/OsGRF4 and OsGRF3	Hao et al. (2019)
	Rice amylose synthesis	ABE	Wx	Hao et al. (2019)
Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	Panicle length and grain weight	ABE	TaDEP1 and TaGW2	Li et al. (2020)
	Lipid metabolism	CBE	TaLOX2	Zong et al. (2017)
Maize (Zea mays)	Chromosomal segregation	CBE	ZmCENH3	Zong et al. (2017)