Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of study participants.
| HV (n = 20) | No-DPN (n = 20) | Subclinical-DPN (n = 30) | Painful-DPN (n = 30) | Painless-DPN (n = 30) | p-value (ANOVA) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53 ± 15.2 | 46 ± 9.4 | 43 ± 7.1 | 55 ± 13.1 | 55 ± 10.4 | p < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 4.1 | 27.0 ± 4.2 | 25.2 ± 3.9 | 28.7 ± 4.4 | 28.3 ± 4.4 | NS |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | - | 23 ± 12.3 | 18 ± 7.6 | 24 ± 9.5 | 27 ± 10.9 | p < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | - | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 8.3 ± 1.0 | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 8.8 ± 1.6 | p < 0.05 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 139 ± 14 | 134 ± 12 | 134 ± 10 | 143 ± 19 | 152 ± 18 | p < 0.001 |
| NIS (LL) + 7 Score) | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 21.1 ± 10.8 | 17.2 ± 7.0 | p < 0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; NIS(LL) + 7, Neuropathy Impairment Score of the Lower Limbs plus 7 neurophysiological tests.