Table 1.
Description of the selected candidate genes and their role in type 2 responses.
| Gene | Function | Main role in type 2 responses in lung |
|---|---|---|
| IL4 | Cytokine | Activation macrophage type 2, ILC2 (24) |
| IL5 | Cytokine | Induces eosinophilia (24) |
| IL13 | Cytokine | Activation of macrophage type 2, fibrosis, mucus production, IgE isotype switch (24) |
| IL17RB | Receptor for IL-25 | Activated by IL25 (17–19) |
| IL25 | Cytokine/alarmin | Triggers type 2 cytokine expression, activates ILC2 cells, induces allergic asthma. Induces asthma in mice (17–21) |
| IL33 | Cytokine/alarmin | Triggers type 2 cytokine expression and eosinophil levels (5, 6) and IL 33 levels corelate with asthma disease severity (25) |
| IL37 | Regulatory cytokine (IL-1 family) | Inhibition of Th1/Th2/Th17 inflammatory mediators. Suppress allergic inflammation in asthma by suppression of innate and acquired immunity (26, 27) |
| CRLF2 | Receptor for TSLP | Forms a complex with TSLP and stimulates type 2 inflammatory proliferation and differentiation (28) |
| TSLP | Cytokine/alarmin | TSLP levels correlate with asthma severity (12) and induces type 2 cytokine production and eosinophil levels, synergism with IL-33 (5, 6) |