Table 2A.
Overview of the characteristics of the studies answering Q1 and Q2.
| Authors | Study design | Sample size (studies, total sample size) | Measurement instruments | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blackwelder et al. (8) | Overview | N = 7.288 | Maslach Burnout Inventory | Q1. Burnout, depression, suicide, and substance abuse Q2. Rates at high levels |
| Brooks et al. (9) | Literature review | 70 articles | Not applicable | Q1. Q2. Conflicting Reports and Mixed Data on the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among Physicians Compared to Non-Health Professionals |
| Buck et al. (10) | Review | 19 articles | Not applicable | Q1. Burnout, depression, anxiety, suicide incidence Q2. Overall prevalence rates of depression that are similar to the general population. Q2. The suicide incidence rate for physicians is higher than that in the general population. |
| Gray et al. (11) | Realist Review | 55 studies | Not applicable | Q1. Burnout, stress, and depression Q2. High rates |
| Grow et al. (12) | Literature review | 98 articles | Not applicable | Q1. Burnout Q2. Unacceptably high; almost half of all physicians reporting burnout |
| Kim et al. (13) | Randomized Controlled Trial | 2 surveys, n = 1,599 | 20-item RCES-D screening scale | Q1. Depression Q2. Mixed findings |
| Mateen and Dorji (14) | Review | 13 articles | Not applicable | Q1. Burnout Q2. About 25% or more of physicians and other health-care workers are considered “burnt out” |
| Mihailescu et al. (15) | Scoping review of literature | 91 articles | Not applicable | Q1. Burn-out, depression and suicidal ideation, distress Q2. |
| O'Connor et al. (16) | Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants | 33 studies, n = 9,409 |
Maslach Burnout Inventory | Q1. Burn-out per dimension: Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, low levels of personal accomplishment Q2. 40% for emotional exhaustion; 22% for depersonalization; 19% for a low level of personal competence |
| Rössler (17) | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 31 articles | Maslach Burnout Inventory | Q1. Burn-out, post-traumatic stress symptoms, distress, depression Q2. Burnout increased significantly; post-traumatic stress symptoms reported by most mental health professionals; urgency 25%; depression 44.6% |
| Stewart et al. (18) | Review conceptual models | 7 models | Not applicable | Q1. physician wellbeing Q2. |
Q1; mental health problems amongst HCW before the COVID-19 pandemic, Q2; prevalence of mental health problems amongst HCW before the COVID-19 pandemic, Q3; mental health issues amongst HCW as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Q4; prevalence of mental health issues amongst HCW as a results of the COVID-19 pandemic, Q5; sustainable employability of HCW in healthcare, Q6; the relationship between mental health of HCW and SE in healthcare.