Table 2B.
Overview of the characteristics of the studies answering Q3 and Q4.
| Author | Study design | Sample size (studies, total sample size) | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| da Silva et al. (19) | Meta-Analysis systematic review | 21 studies | Q3. Anxiety, being quickly overstimulated, insomnia, (mortal-)fear were mentioned, likely related to extremely high workloads and the lack of protective equipment Q4. high rates of psychological distress. |
| de Vroege et al. (4) | Internet Survey | N = 1,372 | Q3. Distress, anxiety, depression Q4. A high level of distress (50%), anxiety (14%), and depression (30%) amongst employees in mental healthcare |
| Drudi et al. (20) | Literature review | 90 studies | Q3. Anxiety, burnout, Q4. high levels of anxiety, as well as burnout |
| Dutta et al. (21) | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 1,958 studies, of which 33 studies including N = 39,703 | Q3. Depression, anxiety symptoms, poor sleep quality followed by insomnia and stress among HCWs Q4. A high prevalence of depressive complaints, anxiety, poor sleep quality resulting in insomnia, and stress were reported. |
| Hao et al. (22) | Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | 20 studies, n = 10,886 | Q3. HCW have depression, anxiety, insomnia, post-traumatic stress symptoms, phobia, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and somatization symptoms Q4. Relatively high prevalence rate |
| Li and Scherer (23) | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 65 studies, n = 97,333 | Q3. Moderate depression, anxiety, and PTSD Q4. A high prevalence |
| Marvaldi et al. (24) | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 70 studies, n = 101,017 | Q3. Anxiety; depression; acute stress; post-traumatic stress, sleep disorders Q4. 30 % of anxiety (24.2–37.05); 31.1 % of depression (25.7–36.8); 56.5 % of acute stress (30.6–80.5); 20,2% of post-traumatic stress (9.9-33.0); 44.0 % of sleep disorders (24.6–64.5) |
| Olay et al. (25) | Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | 57 studies | Q3. Depression, Q4. The pooled prevalence in HCW 24% (95% CI: 20–28%): differentiated for function: 43% for frontline professionals (95% CI: 28–59%), 25% for nurses (95% CI: 18–33%), and 24% for physicians (95% CI: 16–31%), and. |
| Raoofi et al. (26) | Systematic review plus meta-analysis. | 46 studies, n = 61,551 | Q3. Anxiety Q4.Prevalence among HCWs was 26.1% (95% CI 19% to 34.6%) |
| Santabárbara et al. (27) | Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review | 71 studies | Q3. Anxiety, Q4. HCW experience significant levels of anxiety, especially those on the frontline and nurses. |
| Saragih et al. (28) | Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | 38 studies | Q3. PTSD was reported as psychological complaints which occurred most frequently, followed by anxiety, depression, and distress. Q4. The pooled prevalence of mental health complaints for PTSD 49%, distress 49%, anxiety 40%, and depression 37%. |
| Styra et al. (29) | Cross-sectional, multi-centered hospital online survey | N = 3,852 | Q3. Moderate/severe scores for symptoms of PTSD; Anxiety, depression Q4. Amongst HCW complaints like PTSD (50.2%), depression (31.5%) and anxiety (24.6%), were reported |
| Wu et al. (30) | Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | 66 studies, n = 221,970 | Q3. Depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia Q4. Pooled prevalence was 31.4%, 31.9%, 41.1% and 37.9%, the prevalence of insomnia in respectively Physicians, nurses, and non-medical staff was higher (Q = 196.64, p < 0.01) than other populations |
| Yan et al. (31) | Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | 35 studies, n = 25,343 | Q3. Ear-related symptoms, stress, anxiety symptoms,; insomnia,; posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms,; depressive symptoms, and somatic symptoms, Q4. Ear-related symptoms, 67; stress, 56; anxiety symptoms, 41%; insomnia, 41%; posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, 38%; depressive symptoms, 27%; and somatic symptoms, 16% |
Q1; mental health problems amongst HCW before the COVID-19 pandemic, Q2; prevalence of mental health problems amongst HCW before the COVID-19 pandemic, Q3; mental health issues amongst HCW as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Q4; prevalence of mental health issues amongst HCW as a results of the COVID-19 pandemic, Q5; sustainable employability of HCW in healthcare, Q6; the relationship between mental health of HCW and SE in healthcare.