PTM	Post-translational modification
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinom
TME	Tumor microenvironment
MAFLD	Metabolic associated fatty liver
NAFLD	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
CO2	Carbon dioxide
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid
PEP	Phosphoenolpyruvate
LDHA	Lactate dehydrogenase A
GDH	Glutamate dehydrogenase
DC	Dendritic cells
MCT	Monocarboxylate transporter
HK	Hexokinase
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
PKM2	Pyruvate kinase 2
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
TACE	Transarterial-chemoembolization
GPR81	G protein-coupled receptor 81
PDK	Pyruvate dehydrokinase
PDH	Pyruvate dehydrogenase
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
PCAF	P300/CBP-associated factor
NK	Natural killer
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
CTLs	Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
NKTs	Natural killer T cells
TAMs	Tumor-associated macrophages
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
ARG1	Arginase-1
MDSCs	Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
PHD	Prolyl hydroxylase
BMDM	Bone marrow-derived macrophages
INF-γ	Interferon gamma
LGSH	Lactyl-glutathione
GLO2	Glyoxalase 2
HDAC	Class I histone deacetylases
BCAP	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
TIMs	Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells
NSCLC	Non-small cell lung cancer
VHL	Inactive von Hippel-Lindau
ccRCC	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
PDGFRβ	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta
LCSCs	Liver cancer stem cells
ALDOA	Aldolase A
LDHi	Lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NTT	Non-tumor tissues
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein-1
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen
TIGIT	T cell Ig and ITIM domain
TIM-3	T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3
LAG3	Lymphocyte activation gene 3
BTLA	B and T lymphocyte attenuator
2-DG	2-Deoxy-D-glucose
3-BrPA	3-Bromopyruvate
ESCC	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma