Table I.
Characteristics of 404 surgical patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumors.
| Characteristics | Atypical carcinoid (n=97) | Typical carcinoid (n=307) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (interquartile range), years | 62.0 (51.0-70.0) | 57.0 (47.0-67.0) | 0.027 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.442 | ||
| Female | 67 (69.1) | 199 (64.8) | |
| Male | 30 (30.9) | 108 (35.2) | |
| BMI, n (%) | 0.141 | ||
| Missing | 5 (5.2) | 10 (3.2) | |
| Underweight | 2 (2.1) | 2 (0.7) | |
| Normal | 28 (28.9) | 68 (22.1) | |
| Overweight | 36 (37.1) | 111 (36.2) | |
| Obese | 26 (26.8) | 116 (37.8) | |
| T stage, n (%) | 0.105 | ||
| T1 | 56 (57.7) | 216 (70.4) | |
| T2 | 30 (30.9) | 63 (20.5) | |
| T3 | 8 (8.2) | 17 (5.5) | |
| T4 | 3 (3.1) | 11 (3.6) | |
| N stage, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| N0 | 57 (58.8) | 255 (83.1) | |
| N1 | 19 (19.6) | 25 (8.1) | |
| N2 | 20 (20.6) | 26 (8.5) | |
| N3 | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| M stage, n (%) | 0.021 | ||
| M0 | 90 (92.8) | 300 (97.7) | |
| M1 | 7 (7.2) | 7 (2.3) | |
| TNM stage, n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| I–IIIA | 87 (89.7) | 298 (97.1) | |
| IIIB-IVA | 10 (10.3) | 9 (2.9) | |
| Tumor side, n (%) | 0.744 | ||
| Left | 38 (39.2) | 126 (41.0) | |
| Right | 59 (60.8) | 181 (59.0) | |
| Tumor lobe, n (%) | 0.487 | ||
| Upper | 36 (37.1) | 90 (29.3) | |
| Middle | 16 (16.5) | 65 (21.2) | |
| Lower | 43 (44.3) | 144 (46.9) | |
| Main bronchus | 2 (2.1) | 8 (2.6) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.337 | ||
| Never smoker | 48 (49.5) | 162 (52.8) | |
| Former smoker | 32 (33.0) | 109 (35.5) | |
| Current smoker | 17 (17.5) | 36 (11.7) | |
| Family history of lung cancer, n (%) | 0.593 | ||
| No | 91 (93.8) | 283 (92.2) | |
| Yes | 6 (6.2) | 24 (7.8) | |
| Family history of other cancer, n (%) | 0.494 | ||
| No | 69 (71.1) | 207 (67.4) | |
| Yes | 28 (28.9) | 100 (32.6) | |
| Surgical type, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Pneumonectomy | 10 (10.3) | 6 (2.0) | |
| Bi-lobectomy | 7 (7.2) | 15 (4.9) | |
| Lobectomy | 61 (62.9) | 182 (59.3) | |
| Sub-lobectomy | 17 (17.5) | 75 (24.4) | |
| Sleeve resection | 2 (2.1) | 29 (9.4) | |
| N2 lymphadenectomy, n (%) | 0.312 | ||
| Inadequate (<3 groups) | 37 (38.1) | 100 (32.6) | |
| Adequate (≥3 groups) | 60 (61.9) | 207 (67.4) | |
| Recurrence, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 59 (60.8) | 288 (93.8) | |
| Yes | 38 (39.2) | 19 (6.2) | |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | 0.158 | ||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) | |
| No | 11 (11.3) | 21 (6.8) | |
| Yes | 86 (88.7) | 284 (92.5) |
TNM, Tumor-Node-Metastasis.