Table II.
Survival analysis of 404 patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumors using univariate and multivariate Cox models.
| Atypical carcinoid (n=97) | Typical carcinoid (n=307) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|
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| Factors | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Age | 1.03 | 0.002 | 1.04 | 0.001 | 1.06 | <0.001 | 1.07 | <0.001 |
| (1.00-1.05) | (1.01-1.07) | (1.04-1.09) | (1.04-1.10) | |||||
| Sex | 0.946 | 0.028 | 0.026 | |||||
| Female | - | - | - | |||||
| Male | 0.98 | 1.86 | 2.03 | |||||
| (0.51-1.86) | (1.06-3.26) | (1.10-3.75) | ||||||
| BMIa | 0.419 | 0.353 | ||||||
| Underweight/normal | - | - | ||||||
| Overweight/ | 0.68 | 0.73 | ||||||
| obese | (0.37-1.25) | (0.38-1.42) | ||||||
| T stage | 0.159 | 0.483 | 0.077 | 0.154 | ||||
| T1 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| T2-4 | 1.51 | 1.33 | 1.70 | 1.62 | ||||
| (0.85-2.67) | (0.60-2.91) | (0.94-3.09) | (0.85-3.11) | |||||
| N stage | 0.002 | 0.022 | 0.015 | 0.092 | ||||
| N0 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| N1-3 | 2.39 | 2.45 | 2.23 | 2.06 | ||||
| (1.34-4.26) | (1.14-5.30) | (1.15-4.35) | (0.92-4.60) | |||||
| M stage | 0.025 | 0.604 | <0.001 | 0.005 | ||||
| M0 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| M1 | 2.59 | 1.33 | 9.99 | 4.63 | ||||
| (1.09-6.15) | (0.46-3.82) | (4.42-22.66) | (1.73-12.38) | |||||
| Tumor side | 0.852 | 0.167 | ||||||
| Left | 0.95 | 1.48 | ||||||
| (0.52-1.70) | (0.84-2.60) | |||||||
| Right | - | - | ||||||
| Tumor lobe | 0.506 | 0.086 | 0.062 | |||||
| Upper | 0.69 | 1.25 | 2.13 | |||||
| (0.36-1.30) | (0.68-2.30) | (1.10-4.13) | ||||||
| Middle/main | 0.78 | 0.42 | 0.80 | |||||
| bronchus | (0.34-1.76) | (0.16-1.10) | (0.28-2.24) | |||||
| Lower | - | - | - | |||||
| Smoking status | 0.740 | 0.044 | 0.032 | |||||
| Never smoker | - | - | - | |||||
| Former smoker | 1.27 | 2.13 | 2.14 | |||||
| (0.67-2.42) | (1.15-3.95) | (1.12-4.11) | ||||||
| Current smoker | 1.22 | 1.86 | 2.50 | |||||
| (0.56-2.67) | (0.81-4.27) | (1.03-6.08) | ||||||
| Family history of lung cancer | 0.042 | 0.065 | 0.921 | |||||
| No | - | - | - | |||||
| Yes | 0.16 | 0.21 | 1.05 | |||||
| (0.02-1.20) | (0.03-1.66) | (0.42-2.65) | ||||||
| Family history of other cancer | 0.756 | 0.314 | ||||||
| No | - | - | ||||||
| Yes | 1.10 | 0.74 | ||||||
| (0.60-2.00) | (0.41-1.33) | |||||||
| Surgery type | 0.086 | 0.148 | 0.151 | |||||
| Pneumo/bi- | 2.18 | 2.15 | 2.01 | |||||
| lobectomy | (1.08-4.42) | (0.88-5.27) | (0.77-5.25) | |||||
| Lobectomy/sleeve | - | - | - | |||||
| Sub-lobectomy | 1.20 | 1.50 | 1.64 | |||||
| (0.56-2.55) | (0.61-3.71) | (0.88-3.04) | ||||||
| N2 Lymphadenectomy | 0.049 | 0.335 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Inadequate | 1.78 | 1.44 | 3.14 | 3.45 | ||||
| (0.99-3.22) | (0.69-3.00) | (1.74-5.66) | (1.85-6.43) | |||||
| Adequate | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Comorbidity | 0.925 | 0.436 | ||||||
| No | 1.04 | 0.57 | ||||||
| (0.44-2.47) | (0.14-2.37) | |||||||
| Yes | - | - | ||||||
a
15 missing BMI were not analyzed using the Cox model. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.