Table III.
Recurrence analysis of 404 patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumors using univariate and multivariate Cox models.
| Atypical carcinoid (n=97) | Typical carcinoid (n=307) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
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| Factors | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Age | 1.01 | 0.173 | 1.02 | 0.292 | ||||
| (0.98-1.03) | (0.98-1.05) | |||||||
| Sex | 0.842 | 0.002 | 0.010 | |||||
| Female | - | - | - | |||||
| Male | 0.93 | 4.19 | 3.72 | |||||
| (0.46-1.88) | (1.59-11.03) | (1.33-10.42) | ||||||
| BMIa | 0.116 | 0.090 | 0.163 | |||||
| Underweight/normal | - | - | - | |||||
| Overweight/ | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.47 | |||||
| obese | (0.28-1.10) | (0.17-1.16) | (0.17-1.30) | |||||
| T stage | 0.422 | 0.661 | 0.414 | 0.663 | ||||
| T1 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| T2-4 | 1.30 | 0.83 | 1.47 | 1.26 | ||||
| (0.68-2.46) | (0.37-1.89) | (0.58-3.74) | (0.45-3.53) | |||||
| N stage | <0.001 | 0.018 | 0.065 | 0.167 | ||||
| N0 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| N1-3 | 3.61 | 2.62 | 2.42 | 2.14 | ||||
| (1.86-7.01) | (1.16-5.95) | (0.92-6.36) | (0.76-5.99) | |||||
| M stage | 0.049 | 0.275 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| M0 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| M1 | 2.51 | 1.91 | 31.22 | 14.93 | ||||
| (0.97-6.46) | (0.63-5.85) | (10.95-88.99) | (4.77-46.77) | |||||
| Tumor side | 0.726 | 0.583 | ||||||
| Left | 1.12 | 14.93 | ||||||
| (0.59-2.14) | (0.52-3.16) | |||||||
| Right | - | - | ||||||
| Tumor lobe | 0.198 | 0.618 | ||||||
| Upper | 0.51 | 0.74 | ||||||
| (0.24-1.07) | (0.26-2.13) | |||||||
| Middle/main | 0.78 | 0.55 | ||||||
| bronchus | (0.33-1.84) | (0.15-1.98) | ||||||
| Lower | - | - | ||||||
| Smoking status | 0.809 | 0.369 | ||||||
| Never smoker | - | - | ||||||
| Former smoker | 1.07 | 1.95 | ||||||
| (0.53-2.20) | (0.72-5.23) | |||||||
| Current smoker | 1.34 | 1.90 | ||||||
| (0.56-3.21) | (0.49-7.34) | |||||||
| Family history of lung cancer | 0.459 | 0.780 | ||||||
| No | - | - | ||||||
| Yes | 0.59 | 1.23 | ||||||
| (0.14-2.44) | (0.28-5.33) | |||||||
| Family history of other cancer | 0.631 | 0.934 | ||||||
| No | - | - | ||||||
| Yes | 1.18 | 1.04 | ||||||
| (0.60-2.31) | (0.41-2.65) | |||||||
| Surgery type | 0.030 | 0.355 | 0.295 | |||||
| Pneumo/bi- | 2.42 | 1.88 | 1.46 | |||||
| lobectomy | (1.15-5.12) | (0.80-4.41) | (0.33-6.37) | |||||
| Lobectomy/sleeve | - | - | - | |||||
| Sub-lobectomy | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.37 | |||||
| (0.29-2.03) | (0.28-2.49) | (0.08-1.60) | ||||||
| N2 Lymphadenectomy | 0.039 | 0.041 | 0.002 | 0.138 | ||||
| Inadequate | 1.95 | 2.13 | 2.13 | 2.12 | ||||
| (1.02-3.73) | (1.04-4.39) | (1.54-9.98) | (0.78-5.79) | |||||
| Adequate | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Comorbidity | 0.485 | 0.807 | ||||||
| No | 1.40 | 0.78 | ||||||
| (0.54-3.58) | (0.10-5.83) | |||||||
| Yes | - | - | ||||||
a
15 missing BMI were not analyzed using the Cox model. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.