Table 2.
Study and characteristics of the participants.
| Study | Year | Country | Type of study |
Male/
Female |
N | Quality assessment | Risk factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xu et al. (25) | 2016 | China | Cross-sectional study | 656/566 | 1,222 | 8 | Dementia: 1.732 (1.466, 3.835); Age: 1.459 (1.295, 1.714) |
| Qin et al. (26) | 2006 | China | Cross-sectional study | 619/893 | 1,512 | 8 | Dementia: 4.89 (1.31, 18.27); Fear of falling: 2.12 (1.51, 2.97) |
| Shi et al. (36) | 2013 | China | Cross-sectional study | 183/289 | 472 | 7 | Fear of falling: 2.23 (1.47, 3.85) |
| Shi et al. (27) | 2016 | China | Cross-sectional study | 619/893 | 1,512 | 8 | Female: 1.56 (1.12, 2.18); Fear of falling: 1.72 (1.41, 2.10) |
| Ji et al. (37) | 2012 | China | Cross-sectional study | 495/585 | 1,080 | 8 | Age: 2.395 (1.902, 3.001); Fear of falling: 1.433 (1.12, 1.833) |
| Xie et al. (38) | 2019 | China | Cross-sectional study | 301/481 | 782 | 7 | Age: 1.325 (1.259, 1.9); Female: 1.252 (1.131, 1.387); Vision Unclear: 3.027 (2.354, 3.636) |
| Shen et al. (39) | 2020 | China | Cross-sectional study | 400/212 | 612 | 7 | Age: 1.717 (1.21, 2.438); Female: 1.888 (1.328, 2.685); Osteoporosis: 3.378 (2.399, 4.755) |
| Wan et al. (28) | 2018 | China | Cross-sectional study | 719/867 | 1,586 | 7 | Dementia: 2.092 (1.18, 3.702) Age: 1.311 (1.114, 1.543) |
| Kyrdalen et al. (29) | 2017 | Norway | Cross-sectional study | 41/67 | 108 | 8 | Depression: 1.31 (1.09, 1.58); History of falls: 3.7 (1.18, 11.65) |
| Lastrucci et al. (40) | 2018 | Italy | Array research | NA | 1,220 | 7 | Age: 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) |
| Gamage et al. (41) | 2019 | Sri Lanka | Cross-sectional study | 125/175 | 300 | 8 | Age: 0.1 (0, 0.3); Balance disorder: 4.2 (2, 8.4) |
| Jindal et al. (42) | 2019 | India | Cross-sectional study | 273/213 | 486 | 7 | Depression: 1.62 (1.04, 2.51) |
| Stalenhoef et al. (43) | 2002 | Netherlands | Cross-sectional study | 115/172 | 287 | 8 | Age: 1 (0.5, 2.2); Female: 0.7 (0.3, 1.5); History of falls: 3.1 (1.5, 6.7) |
| Shi et al. (44) | 2014 | China | Cross-sectional study | 289/173 | 462 | 7 | Age: 2.2 (1.37, 3.53) |
| Sai et al. (45) | 2001 | USA | Cross-sectional study | 89/48 | 137 | 7 | Depression: 1.19 (1.02, 1.38); History of falls: 3.85 (1.56, 9.5) |
| Ooi et al. (46) | 2021 | Malaysia | Prospective cohort study | 840/838 | 1,678 | 8 | Female: 1.57 (1.04, 2.36); History of falls: 1.86 (1.19, 2.92); Depression: 1.1 (1.02, 1.2) |
| Carrasco et al. (47) | 2018 | Spain | Cross-sectional study | 113/395 | 508 | 8 | Female: 1.724 (1.069, 2.782); Depression: 0.763 (0.463, 1.258); Osteoporosis: 0.751 (0.414, 1.363) |
| Jia et al. (48) | 2017 | China | Cross-sectional study | 1,578/1,619 | 3,197 | 8 | Vision unclear: 1.43 (1.13, 1.82); Osteoporosis: 1.81 (1.04, 3.13); Balance disorder: 2.65 (1.477, 4.754) |
| Almada (49) | 2020 | Portugal | Cross-sectional study | NA | 4,1098 | 9 | Age: 1.257 (1.128, 1.402); Female: 1.313 (1.208, 1.426); Fear of falling: 3.747 (3.443, 4.078) |
| Almada et al. (50) | 2021 | Thailand | Cross-sectional study | 223/239 | 462 | 7 | Age: 1.07 (1.04, 1.11); Female: 3.83 (2.39, 6.13); Fear of falling: 30.09 (14.65, 61.77) |
| Lu et al. (51) | 2016 | China | Cross-sectional study | 701/899 | 1,600 | 8 | History of falls: 9.488 (6.544, 13.757) |
| Pellicer-García et al. (52) | 2020 | Spain | Cross-sectional study | 44/169 | 213 | 7 | Age: 1.092 (1.015, 1.176); Depression: 11.24 (4.169, 30.302) |
| Lin et al. (53) | 2011 | China | Cross-sectional study | 704/673 | 1,377 | 8 | Age: 1.03 (1, 1.06); Female: 1.94 (1.36, 2.76) |
| Teno et al. (54) | 1990 | USA | Case control study | NA | 586 | 8 | Age: 1.06 (1.02, 1.1); Female: 1.3 (0.8, 2.4); Vision Unclear: 1.7 (0.6, 4.8) |
| Liao et al. (55) | 2012 | China | Cross-sectional study | 534/631 | 1,165 | 8 | Age: 1.03 (1.01, 1.06); Female: 0.64 (0.46, 0.89) |
| Tsai et al. (56) | 2020 | China | Cross-sectional study | 1,523/1,677 | 3,200 | 9 | Age: 1.13 (0.81, 1.58);Female: 0.93 (0.72, 1.2); Vision Unclear: 1.92 (1.36, 2.72); Depression: 1.45 (1.06, 1.98) |
| Fong et al. (57) | 2011 | China | Retrospective cross-sectional study | 116/483 | 559 | 7 | Female: 2.5 (1.29, 4.83) |
| Tinetti et al. (58) | 1995 | USA | Cohort study | 299/804 | 1 103 | 8 | Female: 1.9 (1.1, 3.1) |
| Shuyi et al. (59) | 2022 | China | Prospectively study | 106/145 | 251 | 7 | Female: 2.71 (1.4, 5.27); Balance disorder: 2.6 (1.29, 5.24) |
| Leung et al. (60) | 2009 | China | Cross-sectional survey | 619/954 | 1,573 | 8 | Vision unclear: 1.29 (10.2, 1.62) |
| Wong et al. (61) | 2013 | Australia | Prospective study | 258/264 | 520 | 7 | Female: 1.05 (0.73, 1.49) |