TABLE 3.

Summary of findings table for outcomes assessed. Effect sizes [odds ratio (OR): mortality, NDI; mean difference (MD): length of hospitalization], 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and two-tailed p-values.

Population	Infants, gestational age ≥35 weeks, with evidence of moderate/severe HIE, both sexes, all ethnicity, all nationality
Intervention	Combined TH and therapeutic agent
Comparison	TH alone
Outcome	Mortality; NDI; length of hospitalization
Study Design(s)	Randomized and quasi-randomized clinical trials, observational and retrospective studies

Mortality: Combination Therapy vs. TH Alone
Number of Studies	OR	95% CI	p-value
GABA Receptor Agonists
5	0.76	[0.37, 1.57]	0.46
NMDA Receptor Antagonists
3	1.03	[0.48, 2.22]	0.93
Neurogenic and Angiogenic Agents
3	1.10	[0.62, 1.94]	0.75
Stem Cells
1	0.40	[0.08, 2.01]	0.26
Glucocorticoids
1	Not estimable
Antioxidants
1	0.02	[0.02,2.02]	0.17
Total
14	0.93	[0.66, 1.32]	0.68

NDI: Combination Therapy vs. TH Alone
Number of Studies	OR	95% CI	p-value
GABA Receptor Agonists
1	0.85	[0.19, 3.69]	0.83
NMDA Receptor Antagonists
1	1.1	[0.34, 3.51]	0.88
Neurogenic and Angiogenic Agents
3	0.87	[0.50, 1.52]	0.64
Stem Cells
1	0.72	[0.22, 2.39]	0.59
Antioxidants
1	0.15	[0.03, .87]	0.03*
Total
7	0.82	[0.55, 1.23]	0.34

Length of Hospitalization: Combination Therapy vs. TH Alone
Number of studies	MD	95% CI	p-value
GABA Receptor Agonists
1	−4.00	[−12.84, 4.84]	0.38
NMDA Receptor Antagonists
1	−4.22	[−9.43, 0.99]	0.11
Neurogenic and Angiogenic Agents
1	−6.00	[−12.11, 0.11]	0.05
Total
3	−4.81	[−8.42, −1.19]	0.009**

OR, values below 1.00 denote decreased likelihood of death or NDI, to occur in combination therapy groups compared to TH, alone groups. Negative MD, values denote reduced days spent in hospital in combination therapy groups compared to TH, alone groups. *p < .05; **p < .01.