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. 2023 Jan 6;13:1034164. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1034164

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Copyright © 2023 Yao, Wang and Hu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Energy trade-off model of methanotrophs under different pH conditions. The red part refers to the energy trade-off model in acidophilic methanotrophs. The yellow part refers to the energy trade-off model in mildly acidophilic methanotrophs. The blue part refers to the energy trade-off model in alkalophilic methanotrophs. The respiration process is given in the dashed box, and the carbon fixation pathway is shown on the other side. (A) Calvin cycle, (B) serine pathway, and (C) ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway. Most neutrophilic and a few of mildly acidophilic methanotrophs select the RuMP pathway (shown as an orange dotted arrow), and some neutrophilic strains select the serine pathway (shown as green dotted arrow). The overall reactions are shown above or below the cycles, and the energy calculation formulas are followed in the dashed boxes.