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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 20.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Immunol. 2022 Sep 9;7(75):eadd4906. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4906

Fig. 2. IFN-I response associated with pDCs precedes inflammatory response in macrophages from BAL fluids and lungs of patients with COVID-19.

Fig. 2.

(A) Abundance of pDCs depending on disease state in BAL from DOI:10.1038/s41591-020-0901-9. (B) Abundance of IFN-I response for pDCs aggregated by disease state in BAL. (C) Inference of a pseudotime axis using diffusion maps for macrophage cells only from the BAL of healthy donors (HDs) and patients with mild or severe COVID-19. (D) Distribution of macrophage cells (top), IFN-I response signature (middle), and COVID-19 inflammatory signature (bottom) across the pseudotime axis (C) in BAL from HDs and patients with mild or severe COVID-19. (E) Heatmap of mean inferred signature activity for pDCs and macrophages from lung biopsies reanalyzed from DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03569-1, dependent on disease status. Values were min-max scaled per signature to enable comparison. For the signatures, only windows with at least 100 cells are displayed. (F and G) IFN-I response, COVID-19 inflammatory genes, and fibrotic genes in both alveolar (F) and monocyte-derived macrophages (G) from control and COVID-19 patient lungs. Statistical significance was evaluated with a Mann-Whitney U test and P values adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg FDR method. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. ns, not significant.