Table 3.
Meta-analysis results for voxel-based morphometry and fMRI studies in ADHD.
| Contrast | Anatomical region | MNI coordinates | SDM Z-score | P-value | Number of voxels | Clusters'breakdown (number of voxels) | Jack-knife sensitivity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | Y | Z | |||||||
| VBM RESULTS | |||||||||
| ADHD<control | |||||||||
| R anterior cingulate | 2 | 30 | −6 | −2.449 | 0.000221908 | 2,557 | L anterior cingulate (BA 32, 24, 10, 11, 25) (682) | 22 out of 30 | |
| L median cingulate (BA 23, 24) (354) | |||||||||
| R superior frontal gyrus (BA 11, 10) (169) | |||||||||
| L median network (121) | |||||||||
| R median cingulate (BA 23, 24, 32) (276) | |||||||||
| callosum (117) | |||||||||
| R anterior cingulate (BA 32, 24, 11, 10, 25) (311) | |||||||||
| L superior frontal gyrus (BA 32, 10, 24, 11, 10) (212) | |||||||||
| R median network (54) | |||||||||
| R gyrus rectus (BA 11) (43) | |||||||||
| (74) | |||||||||
| L postcentral gyrus | −58 | −18 | 18 | −1.883 | 0.002394617 | 135 | L postcentral gyrus (BA 48, 43) (100) | 27 out of 30 | |
| L supramarginal gyrus (BA 48, 2) (25) | |||||||||
| L caudate nucleus | −10 | 4 | 16 | −1.965 | 0.001656592 | 97 | L anterior thalamic projections (49) | 25 out of 30 | |
| L caudate nucleus (46) | |||||||||
| L inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part | −46 | 14 | 32 | −1.934 | 0.001904368 | 52 | L precentral gyrus (BA 44) (21) | 26 out of 30 | |
| L inferior frontal gyrus (BA 48, 44) (31) | |||||||||
| L inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part | −26 | 16 | −24 | −2.083 | 0.000985742 | 39 | L inferior frontal gyrus (BA 38) (35) | 29 out of 30 | |
| R superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral | 28 | 66 | 2 | −1.994 | 0.001486301 | 34 | R superior frontal gyrus (BA 11, 10) (34) | 27 out of 30 | |
| ADHD > control | |||||||||
| L striatum | −16 | 16 | −6 | 1.334 | 0.000129044 | 188 | L striatum (121) | 28 out of 30 | |
| L lenticular nucleus (BA 25, 48) (25) | |||||||||
| R caudate nucleus | 12 | 22 | 2 | 1.062 | 0.000830889 | 103 | R anterior thalamic projections (33) | 27 out of 30 | |
| R caudate nucleus (BA 25) (46) | |||||||||
| fMRI RESULTS | |||||||||
| ADHD<control | |||||||||
| L superior temporal gyrus | −34 | 16 | −24 | −3.177 | 0.000005186 | 752 | L superior temporal gyrus (BA 38, 48, 20, 21, 34) (430) | 35 out of 36 | |
| L inferior frontal gyrus (BA 38, 47) (112) | |||||||||
| L insula (BA 48, 38, 47) (106) | |||||||||
| L middle temporal gyrus (BA 38) (23) | |||||||||
| (46) | |||||||||
| R postcentral gyrus | 40 | −22 | 52 | −2.156 | 0.002084970 | 259 | R precentral gyrus (BA 4, 6, 3) (174) | 33 out of 36 | |
| R postcentral gyrus (BA 3, 4, 6) (82) | |||||||||
| callosum | −50 | −52 | −8 | −2.784 | 0.000170290 | 229 | L inferior temporal gyrus (BA 37, 20, 21) (149) | 36 out of 36 | |
| L middle temporal gyrus (BA 20, 37, 21) (31) | |||||||||
| L middle frontal gyrus | −22 | 42 | 34 | −2.981 | 0.000020623 | 211 | L superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral (BA 9) (72) | 35 out of 36 | |
| L middle frontal gyrus (BA9, 46) (110) | |||||||||
| callosum (28) | |||||||||
| R arcuate network, posterior segment | 44 | −44 | 14 | −2.624 | 0.000376761 | 75 | R arcuate network, posterior segment (19) | 33 out of 36 | |
| R superior temporal gyrus (BA 42, 41, 22) (41) | |||||||||
| L superior frontal gyrus, medial | −6 | 54 | 36 | −2.411 | 0.000939250 | 71 | L superior frontal gyrus, medial (BA 9, 10) (69) | 35 out of 36 | |
| ADHD > control | |||||||||
| L middle occipital gyrus | −36 | −84 | 10 | 1.410 | 0.000588357 | 347 | L middle occipital gyrus (BA 19, 18, 39) (309) | 34 out of 36 | |
| R insula | 50 | 10 | −8 | 1.305 | 0.001083791 | 334 | R insula (BA 48, 38) (166) | 31 out of 36 | |
| (40) | |||||||||
| R precuneus | 8 | −72 | 40 | 1.263 | 0.001414061 | 199 | R precuneus (BA 7, 19) (126) | 32 out of 36 | |
| R cuneus cortex (BA 7, 19) (46) | |||||||||
| L cerebellum, hemispheric lobule VI | −20 | −76 | −16 | 1.211 | 0.001909494 | 82 | L cerebellum (BA 18) (34) | 32 out of 36 | |
| L fusiform gyrus (BA 18) (23) | |||||||||