Table 4.
Subgroup analysis results for voxel-based morphometry and fMRI studies in ADHD (adults group).
| Contrast | Anatomical region | MNI coordinates | SDM Z-score | P-value | Number of voxels | Clusters'breakdown (number of voxels) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | Y | Z | ||||||
| VBM RESULTS | ||||||||
| ADHD<control | ||||||||
| R median cingulate, paracingulate gyri | 12 | 28 | 30 | −2.216 | 0.000252903 | 793 | R median cingulate (BA 32, 24) (303) | |
| R anterior cingulate (BA 24, 32) (167) | ||||||||
| L anterior cingulate (BA 24) (111) | ||||||||
| L median cingulate (BA 24) (79) | ||||||||
| R median network, cingulum (60) | ||||||||
| Corpus callosum (36) | ||||||||
| L anterior thalamic projections | −12 | −2 | 10 | −2.259 | 0.000196099 | 187 | L anterior thalamic projections (87) | |
| L caudate nucleus (91) | ||||||||
| R superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral | 22 | 38 | 36 | −1.955 | 0.001073420 | 153 | R middle frontal gyrus (BA 9, 46) (91) | |
| Corpus callosum (32) | ||||||||
| R superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral (BA 9) (30) | ||||||||
| L median network, cingulum | −10 | 26 | 34 | −2.092 | 0.000454128 | 68 | L median network, cingulum (21) | |
| L superior frontal gyrus, medial (BA 32) (20) | ||||||||
| R gyrus rectus | 4 | 30 | −18 | −1.825 | 0.002740383 | 53 | R gyrus rectus (BA 11) (14) | |
| ADHD > control | ||||||||
| L inferior network, uncinate fasciculus | −18 | 18 | −12 | 1.167 | 0.002544284 | 65 | L striatum (19) | |
| L lenticular nucleus (BA 48) (17) | ||||||||
| fMRI RESULTS | ||||||||
| ADHD<control | ||||||||
| L lenticular nucleus, putamen | −24 | 4 | −6 | −1.757 | 0.000180602 | 717 | L lenticular nucleus (BA 48, 11, 34) (283) | |
| L striatum (156) | ||||||||
| L insula (BA 48) (28) | ||||||||
| Undefined (BA 48, 34) (183) | ||||||||
| R insula | 34 | 22 | 2 | −1.783 | 0.000165164 | 280 | R insula (BA 47, 48) (271) | |
| R arcuate network | 56 | −38 | 16 | −1.428 | 0.001274705 | 269 | R superior temporal gyrus (BA 42, 48) (167) | |
| Corpus callosum (25) | ||||||||
| R caudate nucleus | 14 | 24 | 0 | −1.524 | 0.000717342 | 94 | R anterior thalamic projections (35) | |
| R caudate nucleus (BA 25) (35) | ||||||||
| Corpus callosum | −12 | −28 | 58 | −1.424 | 0.001326323 | 60 | Corpus callosum (50) | |
| R postcentral gyrus | 32 | −28 | 58 | −1.328 | 0.00248754 | 44 | R precentral gyrus (BA 4, 3) (17) | |
| R postcentral gyrus (BA 6, 4, 3) (19) | ||||||||
| ADHD > control | ||||||||
| R middle temporal gyrus | 44 | −72 | 20 | 1.039 | 0.002172709 | 186 | L middle occipital gyrus (BA 39, 19) (122) | |
| R middle temporal gyrus (BA 39) (40) | ||||||||