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. 2023 Jan 6;12:1105454. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1105454

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Copyright © 2023 Xie, Gu, Khan, Yao, Chen, He, Yuan, Wang, Yang, Wei, Tang, Su, Chen, Li, Cen and Xu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The patient's HCC tissue, obtained by intraoperative resection or needle biopsy, is enzymatically or mechanically broken down to obtain dispersed tumour cells. The tumour cells are cultured in dishes to obtain the HCC organoids. Normal hepatocytes from other sources are cultured in dishes to obtain normal liver organoids. The CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to induce the generation of HCC organoids. The nutrient solution used for culture was adjusted according to the growth characteristics of HCC.