Figure 3.

(A) HCC cells were obtained from patients and transplanted into immunodeficient mice to construct HCC PDX. After successful transplantation, the mice can be cultured for passaging and used for targeted drug testing. PDX models are costly and time-consuming to construct and difficult to perform rapid, large-scale drug screening. (B) HCC organoids can be created using patient-derived HCC tissues. This model can be easily proliferated and passaged and is stable while retaining heterogeneity. In comparison to PDX, its modeling and passaging are easier and quicker, making it more suited for high-throughput and low-cost drug screening.