Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Intervention group n = 30 | Control group n = 30 | t/χ 2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (M ± SD) | 84.23 ± 7.07 | 83.40 ± 7.29 | 0.449 | 0.655 |
| Gender (n, %) | ||||
| Male | 9 (30.0%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0.341 | 0.559 |
| Female | 21 (70.0%) | 23 (76.7%) | ||
| Education (n, %) | ||||
| Junior high school or below | 5 (16.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | 2.424 | 0.298 |
| High school | 6 (20.0%) | 6 (20.0%) | ||
| College degree or above | 19 (63.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | ||
| Number of children (M ± SD) | 2.37 ± 1.07 | 2.20 ± 1.03 | 0.616 | 0.541 |
| Visit frequency by children (n, %) | ||||
| <1 time/month | 5 (16.7%) | 7 (23.3%) | 3.167 | 0.367 |
| 1 time/month | 8 (26.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | ||
| 2–4 times/month | 13 (43.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | ||
| >5 times/month | 4 (13.3%) | 8 (26.7%) | ||
| Number of diseases (M ± SD) | 2.97 ± 0.62 | 2.63 ± 0.77 | 1.860 | 0.068 |
| Drug usage (n, %) | ||||
| Yes | 28 (93.3%) | 25 (83.3%) | 0.647 | 0.421 |
| No | 2 (6.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | ||
| Participation in group activities (n, %) | ||||
| Yes | 11 (36.7%) | 15 (50.0%) | 1.086 | 0.297 |
| No | 19 (63.3%) | 15 (50.0%) | ||
| Stay in a nursing home (n, %) | ||||
| <6 months | 7 (23.3%) | 6 (20.0%) | 2.359 | 0.501 |
| 6–12 months | 3 (10.1%) | 7 (23.3%) | ||
| 1–2 years | 4 (13.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | ||
| >2 years | 16 (53.3%) | 12 (40.0%) | ||
| Depression score(M ± SD) | 9.40 ± 2.01 | 9.33 ± 2.37 | 0.118 | 0.907 |
| Positive coping(M ± SD) | 20.38 ± 3.61 | 20.68 ± 3.16 | −0.332 | 0.741 |
| Negative coping(M ± SD) | 14.07 ± 2.91 | 14.37 ± 2.92 | −0.399 | 0.692 |
| Self-efficacy score(M ± SD) | 24.50 ± 6.11 | 24.13 ± 5.99 | 0.235 | 0.815 |