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. 2023 Jan 6;13:1092964. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1092964

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Copyright © 2023 Vereeken, Peckham and Gilbody.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Syndemic Framework to SMI Development and Maintenance. The figure shows the inward trajectory of how influential layers of habits and modifiable behaviors can contribute to the course of an SMI in individuals. Broader environmental factors influence social factors, which in turn influence common behaviors. The more individual contributors of biological factors, neurocognitive health, SES/Ethnicity status, and stressors, influenced also by the greater factors encircling them, lead to a more nuanced and person-specific picture of SMI development and maintenance, and in turn influence specific modifiable behaviors with a direct impact on an individual’s SMI.