Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline
| Characteristic | US | Japan |
|---|---|---|
| N = 15,488 | N = 6020 | |
| aExcluded from the denominator for non-missing data | ||
| Age at index, years | ||
| Mean (SD) | 70.2 (12.4) | 76.8 (11.4) |
| Median (IQR) | 71 (62–80) | 78 (71–85) |
| Male, n (%) | 8176 (52.8) | 3810 (63.3) |
| History of HK, n (%) | 6064 (39.2) | 961 (16.0) |
| HK severity at index, n (%) | ||
| > 5.0–5.49 | 4940 (48.6) | 207 (32.8) |
| 5.5–5.99 | 3414 (33.6) | 268 (42.5) |
| ≥ 6 | 1805 (17.8) | 156 (24.7) |
| Missinga | 5329 (34.4) | 5389 (89.5) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 10,236 (66.1) | 2550 (42.4) |
| CKD stage by diagnosis code or by eGFR, n (%) | ||
| 3 or 4 | 11,873 (76.7) | 1427 (23.7) |
| 3 | 8931 (57.7) | 534 (8.9) |
| 4 | 2942 (19.0) | 893 (14.8) |
| HF, n (%) | 9086 (58.7) | 5348 (88.8) |
| RAASi, n (%) | ||
| ACEi | 8886 (57.4) | 1281 (21.3) |
| ARB | 4786 (30.9) | 4037 (67.1) |
| ARNi | 758 (4.9) | 38 (0.6) |
| MRA | 3803 (24.6) | 2168 (36.0) |
ACEi Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker, ARNi Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, CKD Chronic kidney disease, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, HF Heart failure, HK Hyperkalemia, IQR Interquartile range, MRA Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, RAASi Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor, SD Standard deviation