Table 2.

Function of non-structural peptides.

Mature Peptide	Nucleotide Start	Nucleotide End	#Base	aa- size	Protein Product	MPP Cleavage site		Function	References
						Position	Probability
nsp1	266	805	540	180	Leader protein	30G	0.044	Antagonism against IFN signaling	Kamitani et al., 2009
nsp2	806	2719	1914	638	Counterpart of MHV p65	47G	0.014	Aid in growth and proliferation of the viruses	Cornillez-Ty et al., 2009
nsp3	2720	8554	5834	1944	Nsp3-pp1a/pp1ab	31I	0.000	SG-mRNA synthesis	LaStarza et al., 1994
nsp4	8555	10,054	1500	500	Nsp4-pp1a/pp1ab	56D	0.041	Causes disrupted mitochondrial morphology	Freundt et al., 2009
nsp5	10,055	10,972	918	306	3C-like proteinase	41H	0.003	Proteolytic processing of the replicase polyproteins	Stobart et al., 2013
nsp6	10,973	11,842	870	290	Nsp6-pp1a/pp1ab (TM3)	6 T	0.019	Initiate cellular autophagy and a general ER stress response	Fung et al., 2016, Prentice et al., 2004
nsp7	11,843	12,091	249	83	Nsp7-pp1a/pp1ab	22 V	0.000	Viral replication	Subissi et al., 2014
nsp8	12,092	12,685	594	198	Nsp8-pp1a/pp1ab	58 K	0.000	Viral RNA synthesis	Subissi et al., 2014
nsp9	12,686	13,024	339	113	Nsp9-pp1a/pp1ab	11Q	0.065	Involved in the replicative cycle	Slanina et al., 2021, Sutton et al., 2004
nsp10	13,025	13,441	417	139	Formerly known as growth-factor-like protein (GFL)	79C	0.000	Regulates replication	Bouvet et al., 2014
nsp11	13,442	13,480	39	13	Nsp11-pp1a short peptide	7F	0.005	Viral replication	Deming et al., 2007
nsp12	13,442	16,236	2769	923	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase	34A	0.035	Viral replication	Subissi et al., 2014
nsp13	16,237	18,039	1803	601	Nsp13-pp1ab (ZD, NTPase/HEL; RNA 5′-triphosphatase)	23P	0.037	Viral replication	Jang et al., 2020
nsp14	18,040	19,620	1581	527	3′-to-5′ exonuclease	54L	0.035	Proofreading exoribonuclease	Ma et al., 2015
nsp15	19,621	20,658	1038	346	EndoRNAse	62 N	0.000	Limits apoptosis in macrophages	Deng et al., 2017
Nsp16	20,659	21,552	893	297	2′-O-ribose methyltransferase	20 M	0.037	Viral RNA synthesis and viral replication	Wu et al., 2020