Table 3.

Changes in the landmarks of the nasolabial folds and their peripheral soft tissues*

Measurement	Non-extraction		Extraction
	M ± SD	P-value	M ± SD	P-value
Nasolabial folds
NLF1L	− 0.26 ± 0.33	0.000ƚ	− 0.59 ± 0.30	0.000ƚ
NLF2L	− 0.22 ± 0.38	0.004ƚ	− 0.72 ± 0.31	0.000ƚ
NLF3L	− 0.08 ± 0.44	0.345	− 0.70 ± 0.42	0.000ƚ
L′	− 0.16 ± 0.32	0.016ƚ	− 0.58 ± 0.35	0.000ƚ
L′′	− 0.16 ± 0.38	0.041ƚ	− 0.81 ± 0.45	0.000ƚ
NLF1R	− 0.24 ± 0.37	0.000ƚ,ǂ	− 0.61 ± 0.32	0.000ƚ
NLF2R	− 0.22 ± 0.42	0.010ƚ	− 0.73 ± 0.38	0.000ƚ
NLF3R	− 0.12 ± 0.38	0.101	− 0.66 ± 0.44	0.000ƚ
R′	− 0.20 ± 0.43	0.020ƚ	− 0.58 ± 0.39	0.000ƚ
R′′	− 0.16 ± 0.41	0.055	− 0.74 ± 0.53	0.000ƚ
Lips
ChL	0.42 ± 1.54	0.157	− 1.48 ± 0.93	0.000ƚ
ChR	0.42 ± 1.54	0.165	− 1.43 ± 0.89	0.000ƚ,ǂ
ULP	0.55 ± 1.04	0.009ƚ	− 0.93 ± 0.78	0.000ƚ
LLP	0.42 ± 1.21	0.080	− 1.46 ± 0.70	0.000ƚ
Ls	0.49 ± 0.92	0.016ƚ,ǂ	− 0.63 ± 1.16	0.009ƚ,ǂ
Li	0.81 ± 0.97	0.000ƚ	− 0.96 ± 1.60	0.008ƚ
CphL	0.44 ± 0.78	0.009ƚ,ǂ	− 0.55 ± 0.96	0.010ƚ
CphR	0.50 ± 0.79	0.005ƚ,ǂ	− 0.57 ± 0.94	0.006ƚ,ǂ
STM	1.17 ± 0.86	0.000ƚ,ǂ	− 0.61 ± 1.02	0.010ƚ,ǂ
Cheeks
CkL	− 0.13 ± 0.88	0.454	0.13 ± 0.43	0.151
CkR	− 0.12 ± 0.81	0.457	0.08 ± 0.47	0.392
BuL	− 0.22 ± 0.52	0.034ƚ	− 0.30 ± 0.58	0.019ƚ
BuR	− 0.29 ± 0.54	0.008ƚ	− 0.34 ± 0.59	0.010ƚ
Perioral soft tissues
TN	0.09 ± 0.26	0.069	− 0.03 ± 0.07	0.046ƚ
Sn	0.31 ± 0.46	0.005ƚ,ǂ	0.07 ± 0.54	0.528
A′	0.21 ± 0.64	0.089	− 1.03 ± 0.59	0.000ƚ
B′	0.28 ± 1.07	0.219ǂ	− 0.98 ± 0.99	0.000ƚ
Pog′	− 0.40 ± 0.89	0.024ƚ	− 0.24 ± 0.87	0.186
Me′	0.03 ± 0.81	0.822	0.15 ± 0.88	0.123ǂ

Values are all expressed as the mean ± SD.

M, mean; SD, standard deviation.

^ƚSignificant difference of landmarks in the non-extraction and extraction groups, P < 0.05; *The data conformed to a normal distribution and a one-sample t-test was employed; ^ǂThe data did not conform to normal distribution and a one-sample Wilcoxon’s test was used