Table 3.

Summary of testing modality and participant pool effects.

PARTICIPANT POOL	ANOMALOUS PATTERNS	VERBAL DISRUPTION BENCHMARK	REHEARSAL PRIMACY BENCHMARK
Lab-tested students	++	++	++
Web-tested students	++	+–	++
Prolific	++	+–	++
MTurk	––	––	––

Note: Best data quality is indicated by ‘++’, worst data quality is indicated by ‘– –’, and when the observations are in-between, this is indicated by ‘+–’.