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. 2022 Dec 29;12(1):70. doi: 10.3390/antiox12010070

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of miRNA synthesis, maturation, and mRNA degradation. Pri-miRNAs transcribed by RNA Polymerase II (canonical) or Mirtrons produced by the spliceosome (non-canonical) are processed by the Drosha/DGCR8 microprocessor complex into pre-miRNAs for subsequent XPO5/RanGTP complex-mediated export. Cytosolic Dicer further processes pre-miRNA into mature miRNA for subsequent Ago2 binding. shRNA (non-canonical) can be exported from the nucleus via XPO5-RanGTP and be incorporated directly into Ago2. The Ago2-miRNA complex targets mRNA for degradation either via Ago2 endonuclease activity (full complementarity) or recruitment of additional proteins for RISC-mediated mRNA degradation or translational interference.