Table 1.

Differential Expression of miRNAs and NOX Isoforms in Models or Patients with Obesity or Comorbid Diseases Legend: HFD—High Fat Diet; CHL—Cholesterol; T1DM—Type I Diabetes Mellitus; STZ—Streptozotocin; QD—Daily; DM—Diabetes Mellitus; FG—Fasting Blood Glucose; T2DM—Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Vit—Vitamin; PTU—Propylthiouracil; Inj—Injection.

Pathology	Model/Patients	miRNA Identified	NOX Regulation	Ref.
Atherosclerosis	apoE−/− Mouse, HFD (21% fat, 0.15% CHL), 12 wks; miR-155 administered	↑ miR-155	↓ NOXA1	[47]
Atherosclerosis	apoE−/− Mouse HFD (45% fat; 0.5 mg/g butyrate), 10 wks	↑ miR-181b	↓ NOX2	[49]
T1DM-Nephropathy	Rat, STZ (50 mg/kg QD), 5 d; DM = FG ≥ 15 mM	↓ miR-25	↑ NOX4	[40]
T1DM-Nephropathy	Mouse, STZ (50 mg/kg QD), 5 d DM = FG > 16.65 mM	↓ miR-25	↑ NOX4	[41]
T1DM-Nephropathy	Mouse, STZ (55 mg/kg QD), 5 d	↓ miR-146a	↑ NOX4	[36]
T2DM-Retinopathy	BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) Mouse DM = FG > 15 mM	↓ miR-182	↑ NOX4	[44]
T2DM	Mouse, HFD (60% fat, 20% carbohydrates), 8 wks STZ (120 mg/kg x1 at 4wks) DM = FG ≥ 13.9 mM. Brown fat transplantation.	↑ miR-99a	↓ NOX4	[45]
Dyslipidemia	Rat, HFD (2% CHL, 0.25% cholate), 12 wks	↓ miR-25	↑ NOX4	[50]
Atherosclerosis	Mouse, HFD (1.25 g/kg Vit D3, 2% CHL, 0.5% cholate, 3% lard, 0.2% PTU), 3 mos; 3 g/kg Vit D3 Inj. 1x/mos	↓ miR-363-3p	↑ NOX4	[51]
T2DM	Patients aged 45–60 y with foot wounds Circulating Serum Exosomes harvested	↑ miR-15a-3p	↓ NOX5	[46]
T2DM-Nephropathy	Adult T2DM patients Renal Fibroblasts harvested	↓ miR-423-5p	↑ NOX4	[42]