Figure 3.

Vertex models of organoid-like cell aggregates. (A) Organoids in the model by Rozman et al. [27] have a flexible shape. The cells can have different numbers of neighbors. Examples of 5-, 6- and 7-coordinated cells are magnified. Interconversions can occur via so-called active T1 transitions that change the connectivity of the apical network (top view), followed by an update of the basal network and the lateral sides. (B) Schematic of the organoid model introduced by Yang et al. [31]. Two hollow spheres in contact represent the crypt (radius R_c) and villus region (radius R_V). Each cell has four neighbors. Due to the positive curvature, the apical surface of each cell, which is directed towards the lumen, is smaller than its basal surface. Figure 3B is published under Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND, all rights are reserved by the publisher.