Table 2.

List of identified metabolites.

Scheme	Compound Name	Molecular Formula	p Value	FDR	Maximum Value	Minimum Value	Antioxidant & References
Sugars and sugar alcohols (10)	D-Glucose	C6H12O6	<0.05	<0.05	Red	Green
	D-Fructose	C6H12O6	<0.05	<0.05	Red	Green
	Sucrose	C12H22O11	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red & Yellow
	Trehalose	C12H22O11	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Yellow	△[62]
	D-Galactose	C6H12O6	0.2520	0.2617	Red	Yellow
	D-Ribose	C5H10O5	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Green
	Inositol	C6H12O6	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Erythritol	C4H10O4	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Green & Red	▲[63]
	Sorbitan	C6H12O5	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Yellow
	Xylitol	C5H12O5	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red	△[64]
alcohol, Fatty alcohol and phytosterols (8)	1-Hexadecanol	C16H34O	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red	▲[65]
	Docosanol	C22H46O	0.3003	0.3060	Red	Yellow	▲[66]
	Glycerol	C3H8O3	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Stearyl alcohol	C18H38O	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	D-Pinitol	C7H14O6	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Yellow	▲[67]
	Phytol	C20H40O	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red	▲[68]
	(2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycyclohexyl) dihydrogen phosphate	C6H13O9P	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	β-Sitosterol	C29H50O	0.0655	0.0722	Green	Red	▲[69]
Amino acid (13)	Alanine	C3H7NO2	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Aspartic acid	C4H7NO4	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Leucine	C6H13NO2	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Phenylalanine	C9H11NO2	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Proline	C5H9NO2	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red	▲[70]
	Pyroglutamic Acid	C5H7NO3	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red
	Serine	C3H7NO3	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red
	Threonine	C4H9NO3	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Tyrosine	C9H11NO3	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Valine	C5H11NO2	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	L-Glutamate	C5H9NO4	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red	△[71]
	Glycine	C2H5NO2	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	γ-Aminobutyric acid	C4H9NO2	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red	▲[72]
Organic acid (14)	Malic acid	C4H6O5	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red
	2-Keto-gluconate	C6H10O7	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Yellow
	3-Hydroxypropionic acid	C3H6O3	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Yellow
	Lactic acid	C3H6O3	0.1433	0.1517	Yellow	Red
	Palmitic acid	C16H32O2	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Quinic acid	C7H12O6	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red	△[73]
	sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate	C3H9O6P	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Stearic acid	C18H36O2	0.58722	0.58722	Green	Yellow	△[74]
	Succinic acid	C4H6O4	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Ascorbic acid	C6H8O6	<0.05	<0.05	Red	Yellow	▲[75]
	Citric acid	C6H8O7	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red	△[76]
	Glyceric acid	C3H6O4	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Red
	Erythronic acid	C4H8O5	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Fumaric acid	C4H4O4	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Yellow	△[77]
Polyphenols and Phenolic acids (7)	Cryptochlorogenic acid	C16H18O9	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Green	▲[78]
	Gallic acid	C7H6O5	<0.05	<0.05	Red	Green	▲[79]
	Neochlorogenic acid	C16H18O9	<0.05	<0.05	Red	Green	▲[78]
	Cianidanol	C15H14O6	<0.05	<0.05	Red	Yellow	▲[80]
	α-Tocopherol	C29H50O2	<0.05	<0.05	Red	Green	▲[81]
	γ-Tocopherol	C28H48O2	<0.05	<0.05	Yellow	Green	▲[82]
	Shikimic acid	C7H10O5	<0.05	<0.05	Red	Green	▲[83]
Others (2)	Phosphoric acid	H3PO4	<0.05	<0.05	Green	Red
	Urea	CH4N2O	0.1101	0.1189	Yellow	Red

Note: FDR: False Discovery Rate. △: metabolites related to antioxidant activity. ▲: metabolites with antioxidant activity.