Table 3.
Physical activity levels and BMI categories of the study population according to the categories of adherence to the MD at baseline and at the end of the active phase of the VLCKD.
| Parameters N = 318 |
Low Adherence to MD 117, 36.8% |
Average Adherence to MD 172, 54.1% |
High Adherence to MD 29, 9.1% |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline parameters | ||||
| Physical activity | ||||
| Yes (n, %) | 35, 29.9 | 52, 30.2 | 15, 51.7 | χ2 = 5.56 p = 0.059 |
| No (n, %) | 82, 70.1 | 120, 69.8 | 14, 18.3 | |
| BMI categories | ||||
| Normal weight (n, %) | 0, 0 | 0, 0 | 0, 0 | - |
| Overweight (n, %) | 1, 0.9 | 32, 18.6 | 14, 48.3 | χ2 = 45.84, p < 0.001 |
| Grade I obesity (n, %) | 37, 31.6 | 57, 33.1 | 10, 34.5 | χ2 = 0.12, p = 0.943 |
| Grade II obesity (n, %) | 36, 30.8 | 60, 34.9 | 4, 13.8 | χ2 = 5.16, p = 0.076 |
| Grade III obesity (n, %) | 43, 36.8 | 23, 13.4 | 1, 3.4 | χ2 = 28.85, p < 0.001 |
| Parameters at the end of active phase of VLCKD | ||||
| Physical activity | ||||
| Yes (n, %) | 35, 29.9 | 52, 30.2 | 15, 51.7 | χ2 = 5.56 p = 0.059 |
| No (n, %) | 82, 70.1 | 120, 69.8 | 14, 18.3 | |
| BMI categories | ||||
| Normal weight (n, %) | 0, 0% | 3, 1.7 | 4, 13.8 | χ2 = 20.90, p < 0.001 |
| Overweight (n, %) | 16, 13.7 | 61, 35.5 | 19, 65.5 | χ2 = 34.59, p < 0.001 |
| Grade I obesity (n, %) | 37, 31.6 | 65, 37.8 | 3, 10.3 | χ2 = 8.62, p = 0.014 |
| Grade II obesity (n, %) | 42, 35.9 | 36, 20.9 | 3, 10.3 | χ2 = 12.06, p = 0.002 |
| Grade III obesity (n, %) | 22, 18.8 | 7, 4.1 | 0, 0 | χ2 = 21.44, p < 0.001 |
Data are expressed as numbers (n) and percentages (%). MD, Mediterranean diet; BMI, body mass index; VLCKD, very low-calorie ketogenic diet. A p-value in bold denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05).