Table 4.
Fatty acid composition (%) of different biodiesel feedstocks.
| Fatty Acid | Octanoic C8:0 |
Decanoic C10:0 |
Lauric C12:0 |
Myristic C14:0 |
Palmitic C16:0 |
Palmitoleic C16:1 |
Stearic C18:0 |
Oleic C18:1 |
Linoleic C18:2 |
Linolenic C18:3 |
Arachidic C20:0 |
Eicosenoic C20:1 |
Eicosapentaenoic C20:5 |
Behenaic C22:0 |
Erucic C22:1 |
others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edible | ||||||||||||||||
| Soybean | 0.1 a | 6–11 abc | 11 a | 2–5 abc | 20–30 abc | 50–60 abc | 5–11 abc | |||||||||
| Rapeseed | 1–3.5 bc | 9.1 c | 0–1 bc | 10–15 b, 64.1 c | 12–15 b, 22.3 c | 8–12 b, 0.1 c | 7–10 b | 45–60 b | ||||||||
| Sunflower | 5–8 b | 2–6 ab | 15–40 ab | 30–70 ab | 3–5 b | 0.3 a | ||||||||||
| Peanut | 8–9 b | 2–3 b | 50–65 b | 20–30 b | ||||||||||||
| Olive | 9–10 b | 2–3 b | 72–85 b | 10–12 b | 0–1 b | |||||||||||
| Palm | 16.3 a, 0.5–2 b | 8.4 a, 39–48 bc | 2.4–6 abc | 15.4 a, 36–44 bc | 2.4 a, 9–12 bc | 0.1 a | ||||||||||
| Mustard | 1–2 b | 8–23 b | 10–24 b | 8–18 b | 5–13 b | 20–50 b | ||||||||||
| Coconut | 45–53 b | 16–21 b | 7–10 b | 2–4 b | 5–10 b | 1–2.5 b | ||||||||||
| Almond kernel | 6.5 e | 1.4 e | 70.7 e | 20 e | 0.9 e | |||||||||||
| Walnut kernel | 7.2 e | 1.9 e | 18.5 e | 56 e | 16.2 e | |||||||||||
| Sesame | 13 e | 4 e | 53 e | 30 e | ||||||||||||
| Non-edible | ||||||||||||||||
| Linseed | 4–7 b | 2–4 b | 25–40 b | 35–40 b | 25–60 b | |||||||||||
| Neem | 13.6–16.2 b | 49.1–61.9 b | ||||||||||||||
| Jatropha | 0–0.1 a, 14.1–15.3 b | 14.1–15.3 ac, 0–13 b | 0–1.3 a | 3.7–9.8 ac | 34.3–45.8 abc | 14.1–15.3 b, 29–44.2 ac | 0–0.3 ab | 0–0.3 a | 0–0.2 a | 1.4 | ||||||
| Cotton seed | 23–28.3 b | 0.8–0.9 b | 13.3–18.3 b | 0.2 b | ||||||||||||
| Rubber | 2.2 f | 10.2 f | 8.7 f | 24.6 f | 39.6 f | 16.3 f | ||||||||||
| Karanja | 9.8 a, 3.7–7.9 f | 2.4–8.6 af | 44.5–72.2 af | 10.8–18.3 af | ||||||||||||
| Pongamia | 11.65 f | 51.5 f | 11.65 f | |||||||||||||
| Stillingia | 0.4 f | 0.1 f | 7.5 f | 2.3 f | 16.7 f | 31.5 f | 41.5 f | |||||||||
| Animal fat and other sources | ||||||||||||||||
| Animal fats | 2.52 c | 28.4 c | 15.7 c | 42.2 c | 9.4 c | 0.6 c | 0.16 c | 0.86 c | 0.01 c | 0.01 c | ||||||
| Chicken fats | 3.1 g | 19.82 g | 3.06 g | 37.62 g | ||||||||||||
| Used/waste cooking oil | 0.9 c | 20.4 c, 8.5 g | 4.6 c | 4.8 c, 3.1 g | 52.9 c, 21.2 g | 13.5 c, 55.2 g | 0.8 c, 5.9 g | 0.12 c | 0.84 c | 0.03 c | 0.07 c | 0.04 c | ||||
| Tallow | 23.3 f | 19.3 f | 42.4 f | 2.9 f | 0.9 f | 2.9 f | ||||||||||
| Brown grease | 1.66 f | 22.83 f | 12.54 f | 42.36 f | 12.09 f | 0.82 f | ||||||||||
| Microalgal | 0.2 d | 12–15 g | 34.8 d, 10–20 g | 32 d | 1.1 d | 21.7 d | 1.4 d | 8.9 d | ||||||||
| Yellow grease | 2.43 fh | 23.24 fh | 12.96 fh | 44.32 fh | 6.97 fh | 0.67 fh | ||||||||||