Table 5.
Physicochemical properties of different biofuel feedstocks.
| Sources | CP (°C) | CN | OS (mg/100 mL) | SV | IN | AV (mg KOH/g oil) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soybean oil | 0.9 | 47 | 16.0 | 189–195 | 117–143 | 0.1–0.2 |
| Canola oil | −3.3 | 55 | 44.9 | 188–193 | 109–126 | 0.6–0.8 |
| Olive | - | - | - | 184–196 | 75–94 | 0.94–2.11 |
| Corn | - | - | - | 187–198 | 103–140 | 0.1–5.75 |
| Jatropha curcas | 5.66 | 55.43 | - | 177–189 | 92–112 | 15.6–43 |
| Palm oil | 14.24 | 60.21 | - | 186–209 | 35–61 | 6.9–50.8 |
| Rapeseed | - | 168–187 | 94–129 | 0.2 | ||
| Sunflower | - | 186–194 | 110–143 | 0.2–0.5 | ||
| Camelina | 2.5 | 48.91 | - | 146.5 | 0.2 | |
| Poultry fat | - | - | - | - | 78.8 | 0.55 |
| Choice white grease | 7.0 | 64 | 72.0 | - | - | - |
| Inedible tallow | 16.0 | 62 | 6.2 | - | - | - |
| Yellow grease | 6.0 | 58 | 2.3 | - | - | - |
| Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) | −45 to −7 | 47 | - | - | - | - |
Cloud point (CP), cetane number (CN), oxidative stability (OS), saponification value (SN), iodine number (IN), and Acid value (AV). Values shaded with green are adopted from [88], blue from a study by [75], and not highlighted text black are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), compiled from the U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and Renewable Energy Group.