Table 8.

Comparison of homogeneous versus heterogeneous-catalyzed transesterification process of biodiesel production, reported by [27].

Factors	Homogeneous Catalysis	Heterogenous Catalysis
Reaction rate	Fast and high conversion	Moderate conversion
Post-treatment	No recovery of catalyst	Catalysts can be recovered
Processing methodology	Mild reaction and less energy consumption	Continuous operation possible
Process of water and FFA	Sensitive and not suitable	Not sensitive and suitable
Reuse of catalyst	Not possible	Possible
Cost	Comparatively cost-effective than the currently available heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification	Potentially cheaper, high conversion efficiency, and technologically available