Table 1.
Characteristics of studies on the association of periodontal disease with lung cancer
| Author | Country | Study design | Sample size | Event/total | Assesment method | Population study | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Exposure | No exposure | ||||||||
| Hujoel et al., 2003[21] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 11,328 | 132/4763 | 59/6562 | Oral exam | NHANES I | ||
| Hiraki et al., 2008[22] | JAPAN | Case control study | 15,720 | 235/604 | 674/2123 | Questionnaire | Hospital database | ||
| Michaud et al., 2008[23] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 236/7863 | 442/40,512 | Oral examination | HPFS | |||
| Arora et al., 2010[24] | SWEDEN | Twin cohort study | 15,333 | 14/908 | 175/12,592 | Questionnaire | Swedish Twin registry | ||
| Wen et al., 2014[25] | CHINA | Retrospective cohort study | 148,172 | 243/51,791 Women 88/25,503 Men 155/26,288 |
353/96,375 Women 137/45,583 Men 216/47,522 |
Insurance Claims data ICD 9 | National health insurance program Taiwan | ||
| Mai et al., 2014[26] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 77,485 | 287/19,942 | 467/56,789 | Questionnaire | WHI | ||
| Michaud et al., 2016[27] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 19,933 | 13/1945 | 101/17,988 | Questionnaire | HPFS | ||
| Chrysanthakopoulos, 2016[28] | GREEK | Case control study | 200 | 18/38 | 46/116 | Health questionnaire | Private medical and dental office | ||
| Nwizu et al., 2017[29] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 65,869 | 334/17,103 | 521/48,766 | Self-reporter questionnaire | WHI | ||
| Michaud et al., 2018[30] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 7466 | 192/4923 | 34/2543 | Oral examination | ARIC study | ||
| Tai et al., 2018[31] | TAIWAN | Cohort study | 14,284 | 46/7142 | 21/7142 | Medical records | National health insurance databases | ||
| Yoon et al., 2019[32] | USA | Case control study | 403 | 127/504 | 267/1476 | Intervein questionnaire | SCCS | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Author | Age | Gender | Time period | Follow up | Exposure | Result (95% CI) | Adjustment | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Hujoel et al., 2003[21] | 25-74 | Male/female | 1971-1992 | 10 | PD versus Gingivitis | HR 1.73 (1.01-2.97) | Smoking, alcohol consumption, Vitamin A and Vitamin C intake, age, gender, race, education poverty index and BMI | ||
| Hiraki et al., 2008[22] | 20-80 | Male/female | 2001-2005 | - | OR 1.54 (0.05-2.27) | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, vegetable and fruit intake, regular exercise, BMI | |||
| Michaud et al., 2008[23] | 40-75 | Male | 1986-2004 | 17.7 | PD versus no PD | HR 1.36 (1.15-1.60) | Race, BMI, physical activity, smoking history, diabetes, region, height, alcohol, Vitamin D and calcium intake | ||
| Arora et al., 2009[24] | 38-77 | Male/female | 1963-2004 | 27 years | PD versus No PD | HR 1.41 (0.81-2.46) | Sex, age, education, smoking status, employment, siblings, diabetes, BMI | ||
| Wen et al., 2014[25] | >20 | Male/female | 1997-2010 | 2 | PD versus gingivitis | HR 1.08 (0.91-1.27) Women HR 1.11 (0.85-1.45) Men HR 1.05 (0.85-1.29) |
Gender, age, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia | ||
| Mai et al., 2014[26] | 50-79 | Female | 1993 | 5 | PD versus No PD | HR 1.25 (1.06-1.48) | Education, race, BMI, menopausal hormone therapy, recreational physical activity, region of residence, aspirin use, alcohol | ||
| Michaud et al., 2016[27] | 40-75 | Male | 1986-2012 | 8 | PD versus No PD | HR 0.92 (0.49-1.71) | Age, race, alcohol use and physical activity, diabetes, NSAIDs use | ||
| Chrysanthakopoulos, 2016[28] | 45-73 | Male/female | - | Periopocket versus CAL | Pocket depth OR 2.72 (1.05-7.06) | Socioeconomic level, age, gender, smoking status | |||
| Nwizu et al., 2017[29] | 54-86 | Female | 1999-2003 | 8.32 | PD versus no PD | HR 1.31 (1.14-1.51) | Age, race, education, region, family history of cancer, diabetes, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, dietary of intake of energy, calcium, Vitamin D, BMI, postmenopausal hormone therapy | ||
| Michaud et al., 2018[30] | 44-66 | Male/female | 1987-2012 | 15 | PD versus no PD versus edentulism | Moderate versus mild HR 1.41 (0.90-2.21) Severe versus mild HR 2.33 (1.51-3.60) | Smoking, age, education, BMI, diabetes, alcohol drinking, sex | ||
| Tai et al., 2019[31] | Any age | Female | 2000-2013 | 13 | PD versus gingivitis | HR 1.90 (1.08-3.35) | Urbanization level, socioeconomic status | ||
| Yoon et al., 2019[32] | 40-79 | Male/female | 2015 | - | PD versus no PD versus tooth loss | OR 1.44 (1.09-1.91) Tooth loss >10 OR 1.64 (1.0-2.69) | BMI, education, household income, COPD, alcohol drinking status and smoking | ||
NHANES I: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I, PD: Periodontal disease, HR: Hazard ratio, OR: Odds ratio, HPFS: Health Professional Follow up Study by Harvard University, ICD: International Cancer Disease, BOP: Bleeding on probing, CAL: Clinical attachment Level, WHI: Women’s Health Initiative, ARIC: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, SCCS: Southern Community Cohort Study, COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CI: Confidence interval, BMI: Body mass index, NSAIDs: Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs