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. 2022 Nov 28;13(4):297–306. doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_117_22

Table 3.

Quality assessment of case control studies using New Castle Ottawa Scale

First author Selection Comparability Exposure



Case definition is adequate Consecutive or obviously representative series of cases Community controls No history of disease (endpoint) in controls Study controls for the most important factor Study controls for any additional factor Secure record/structured interview blind to case/control status Same method for ascertainment for cases and controls Nonresponse rate same for both groups
Hiraki, 2008[22] - * - * * * - * -
Mai, 2014[26] * * - - - * - * -
Chrysanthakopoulos, 2016[28] * * * * * * * * -
Yoon, 2019[32] - * * * - * - - *

*Significant and -nonsignificant