Table 2.

Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in cochlear tissues in different groups

Time	Group	TNF-α				IL-6				COX-2
		mean ± SEM	P value			mean ± SEM	P value			mean ± SEM	P value
Day 7	WT	1.000 ± 0.000	0.001*			1.000 ± 0.000	0.000*			1.000 ± 0.000	0.000*
	JSH-23	1.276 ± 0.126		0.940**		1.298 ± 0.059		0.956**		1.130 ± 0.046		0.905**
	Rad	23.237 ± 4.759		0.000**	0.035***	48.961 ± 7.305		0.000**	0.001***	8.646 ± 1.484		0.000**	0.000***
	Rad + JSH-23	14.231 ± 1.612		0.006**		20.663 ± 1.522		0.006**		1.337 ± 0.153		0.758**
Day 14	WT	1.000 ± 0.000	0.000*			1.000 ± 0.000	0.000*			1.000 ± 0.000	0.004*
	JSH-23	0.763 ± 0.105		0.780**		0.725 ± 0.172		0.943**		0.895 ± 0.125		0.801**
	Rad	10.370 ± 0.522		0.000**	0.000***	31.962 ± 4.545		0.000**	0.001***	2.821 ± 0.540		0.002**	0.003***
	Rad + JSH-23	5.660 ± 1.030		0.000**		13.107 ± 2.576		0.011**		1.099 ± 0.142		0.084**

WT: wild-type group; JSH-23: JSH-23-pretreated wild type group; Rad: X-ray radiation group; Rad+JSH-23: JSH-23-pretreated X-ray radiation group.

TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2.

SEM: standard error of mean.

^* results of one-way analysis of variance.

^** all compared with WT groups

^*** comparisons between the Rad and JSH-23 groups