Figure 1.

PI3K signaling pathway. The PI3K signaling pathway has a role in mechanisms such as cell growth, survival and metabolism. Following growth factor stimulation and subsequent activation of RTKs, class IA proteins are recruited to the membrane by direct interaction with p85 subunit, with the activated receptors or by interaction with adaptor proteins associated with the receptors. The p110β-containing enzymes might be activated by GPCRs converting PIP2 to PIP3 and providing docking sites for PDK1 and AKT. In particular, PDK1 phosphorylation and AKT activation regulate a downstream signaling event where PTEN is one of the most important final targets. The figure underlines where the multi-, pan- or isoform-specific inhibitors work.