Table 1.

Typical application of magnetic substrates for SERS bioanalysis.

Category	Biotargets	Magnetic Substrates	LOD	Ref.
Amino acid and protein	Uric acid	Ag/ZnO/Fe3O4	365 nmol/L	[97]
	Glycated hemoglobin	Ag-coated magnetic polymethacrylate microspheres	50 ng/L	[98]
	Human carboxylesterase 1	Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag	0.1 ng/L	[99]
DNA and RNA sequences	ssDNA associated with BRAF V600E mutation	MNP@SiO2@Au	5.15 × 10−11 mol/L	[100]
	C. krusei and C. albicans target DNA	Ag@MNP	20 fmol/L	[101]
Tumor biomarker	CEA	Raspberry-like Fe3O4@Au	1.43 pg/mL	[102]
Bacteria and secretions	Deoxynivalenol	Complementary DNA modified-Fe3O4@Au	0.032 pg /mL	[103]
	Zearalenone	Fe3O4@Au	0.001 ng/mL	[104]
	E. coli, L. mono and S. typhi	Aptamer modified-Fe3O4@Au	10 cells/mL (E. coli), 10 cells/mL (L. mono) and 25 cells/mL (S. typhi)	[105]
	E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella	Magnetic Au@Ag	20 cells/mL (E. coli), 13 cells/mL (S. aureus) and 19 cells/mL (Salmonella)	[106]
Hormones and antibiotics	Luteinizing hormone	Antibody modified-Fe3O4@AuNP	0.036 IU/L	[107]
	CAP	CAP antibody modified-MNPs	1.0 pg/mL	[108]