Table 1.
Deposition methods of AuNPs or AuNSs for immunosensor fabrication.
| Preparation Methods | Electrodes | Sensing Strategies/Techniques | LOD | LR | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrodeposition | Anti-prolactin/AuNPs/carbon paste electrode | Sandwich reaction with HRP-DAb and prolactin/DPV | 12.5 mIU/L | 25.0–2000.0 mIU/L | [42] |
| Electrodeposition | Anti-NSE/AuNPs-MoS2-rGO/GCE 1 | Sandwich reaction with DAb/ CoFe2O4-Ag, and NSE by SWV | 3 fg/mL | 0.01–1.00 pg/mL | [60] |
| Electrodeposition | Anti-HSA/AuNPs/PpPD/PEDOT-PSS-Fc /SPCEs 2 | Label-free/DPV | 0.54 fg/mL | 1–10 ng/mL | [61] |
| Electroless plating | Anti-PHB2/PA/AuNS/AuE | Sandwich reaction with HRP-Dab and PHB2/SWV | 40 pg/mL | 0–10 ng/mL | [52] |
| Electrostatic adsorption | Anti-CA153/PPy-AuNPs-luminol/ITO 3 | Label-free/EIS & electrochemiluminescence | 5.8 × 10−4 U/mL | 0.001–700 U/mL | [62] |
| Multi-layer electrostatic adsorption | Anti-PSA-GSH-AuNPs/PEI/PVS/PEI/MUA/AuE 4 | Label-free/EIS | 0.17 ng/mL | 0.1–20 ng/mL | [63] |
1 Anti-NSE: anti-neuron-specific enolase antibody; 2 Anti-HSA/AuNPs/PpPD/PEDOT-PSS-Fc: anti-human serum albumin/AuNPs/poly(para-phenylenediamine)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate)-ferrocene nanocomposite; 3 Anti-CA153/PPy-AuNPs-luminol: anti-carbohydrate antigen 153/polypyrrole-luminol-AuNPs; 4 Anti-PSA-GSH-AuNPs/PEI/PVS/PEI/MUA: anti-prostate specific antigen-glutathione-AuNPs/poly(ethyleneimine)/poly(vinylsulfonicacid)/poly(ethyleneimine)/mercaptoundecanoic acid.