ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BMI	Body mass index
CTs	Clinical trials
CRP	C-reactive protein
DMF	Decay–missing–filled
ESR	Erythrocyte sedimental rate
GA	Gum Arabic
HbA1c	Hemoglobin A1C
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
MDA	Malondialdehyde
NPs	Natural products
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
PGC-1alpha	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator
TGFβ1	Transforming growth factor beta 1
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
WPS	Water pipe smoking