Appendix. Supplemental Table 2A. Baseline Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants, by Food Insecurity Trajectory, Understanding Coronavirus in America Tracking Survey, April 2020–March 2021.
| Characteristic | Remained insecure (n = 225) | Remained elevated (n = 834) | Remained secure (n = 5,410) | Became insecure 1 (n = 209) | Became insecure 2 (n = 102) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group, y | |||||
| 18–35 | 44.9 (35.6–54.1) | 38.3 (33.6–42.9) | 26.2 (24.5–28.0) | 52.9 (43.6–62.2) | 38.4 (25.1–51.7) |
| 36–50 | 38.9 (29.7–48.0) | 28.3 (24.1–32.4) | 27.6 (25.9–29.2) | 30.1 (21.6–38.6) | 35.7 (22.6–48.7) |
| 51–65 | 12.1 (7.1–17.2) | 25.6 (21.7–29.5) | 26.2 (24.7–27.8) | 14.4 (8.5–20.2) | 18.4 (9.2–27.6) |
| >65 | 4.1 (1.0–7.3) | 7.9 (5.6–10.1) | 19.9 (18.6–21.3) | 2.7 (0.6–4.8) | 7.5 (0.8–14.3) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 58.4 (49.1–67.6) | 61.0 (56.4–65.6) | 50.0 (48.2–51.8) | 64.1 (55.1–73.1) | 58.4 (45.1–71.6) |
| Male | 41.6 (32.4–50.9) | 39.0 (34.4–43.6) | 50.0 (48.2–51.8) | 35.9 (26.9–44.9) | 41.6 (28.4–54.9) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 34.1 (25.1–43.0) | 46.3 (41.6–50.9) | 60.3 (58.5–62.1) | 34.1 (25.3–42.9) | 39.0 (25.6–52.3) |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 22.6 (15.1–30.0) | 21.1 (17.4–24.8) | 18.0 (16.7–19.4) | 14.1 (8.5–19.7) | 17.1 (7.5–26.6) |
| Single | 43.4 (34.2–52.6) | 32.6 (28.2–37.1) | 21.7 (20.1–23.3) | 51.8 (42.5–61.2) | 44.0 (30.7–57.2) |
| Race | |||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native only | 1.4 (0–2.8) | 1.5 (0.4–2.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 1.4 (0–2.9) | 1.7 (0–4.0) |
| Asian Only | 5.3 (1.0–9.5) | 6.6 (4.1–9.1) | 5.5 (4.6–6.4) | 3.7 (0.2–7.3) | 5.3 (0–11.1) |
| Black only | 20.3 (12.5–28.1) | 17.1 (13.4–20.8) | 9.7 (8.5–10.9) | 13.5 (7.4–19.6) | 27.5 (15.2–39.8) |
| Hawaiian or Pacific Islander only | 0.4 (0–0.9) | 0.3 (0–0.6) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 1.7 (0–4.2) | 1.9 (0–4.7) |
| White only | 70.2 (61.7–78.7) | 68.8 (64.3–73.2) | 80.0 (78.4–81.6) | 72.1 (63.7–80.4) | 57.4 (43.9–70.9) |
| Multiracial | 2.5 (0.8–4.3) | 5.8 (3.4–8.1) | 4.2 (3.4–5.0) | 7.6 (2.1–13.1) | 6.3 (0–13.9) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 62.8 (53.5–72.2) | 77.1 (72.7–81.6) | 84.4 (82.7–86.1) | 74.3 (65.3–83.4) | 77.4 (65.5–89.3) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 37.2 (27.8–46.5) | 22.9 (18.4–27.3) | 15.6 (13.9–17.3) | 25.7 (16.6–34.7) | 22.6 (10.7–34.5) |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school graduate | 24.3 (16.4–32.2) | 12.7 (9.5–15.9) | 5.2 (4.3–6.1) | 11.5 (5.3–17.7) | 26.7 (14.5–39.0) |
| High school graduate or equivalent | 30.3 (21.6–39.0) | 30.1 (25.6–34.5) | 26.1 (24.3–27.8) | 39.8 (30.3–49.2) | 32.1 (19.4–44.9) |
| Some college/associate degree/technical school | 37.5 (28.5–46.5) | 32.4 (28.1–36.6) | 27.1 (25.5–28.6) | 32.9 (24.4–41.3) | 24.8 (13.8–35.9) |
| Bachelor’s degree or more | 7.9 (3.3–12.4) | 24.9 (20.9–28.9) | 41.6 (39.9–43.4) | 15.9 (9.4–22.3) | 16.3 (6.7–25.8) |
| Annual household income, $ | |||||
| <10,000 | 25.7 (17.5–33.9) | 11.4 (8.2–14.5) | 3.7 (2.9–4.5) | 20.2 (12.4–28.0) | 34.9 (21.9–47.9) |
| 10,000–24,999 | 34.9 (26.2–43.6) | 17.9 (14.4–21.5) | 10.0 (8.9–11.1) | 24.5 (16.6–32.4) | 23.9 (13.1–34.6) |
| 25,000–49,999 | 30.6 (22.0–39.2) | 32.7 (28.3–37.1) | 20.3 (18.8–21.8) | 25.5 (17.4–33.7) | 24.7 (13.0–36.4) |
| 50,000–74,999 | 6.9 (2.4–11.5) | 18.5 (14.9–22.1) | 21.2 (19.7–22.7) | 15.0 (8.5–21.5) | 7.9 (0.4–15.3) |
| ≥75,000 | 1.8 (0–4.4) | 19.5 (15.8–23.1) | 44.8 (43.0–46.7) | 14.7 (7.9–21.6) | 8.6 (1.1–16.2) |
| Employment | |||||
| Currently working | 46.5 (37.2–55.9) | 62.5 (58.1–67.0) | 60.6 (58.8–62.4) | 52.0 (42.6–61.4) | 39.9 (26.7–53.2) |
| Not working | 22.2 (14.4–30.0) | 10.1 (7.3–13.0) | 5.4 (4.5–6.4) | 18.5 (10.9–26.1) | 19.8 (9.7–30.0) |
| Retired/disabled | 18.8 (12.1–25.5) | 14.0 (11.1–16.9) | 22.7 (21.3–24.1) | 11.2 (5.6–16.7) | 21.1 (10.4–31.8) |
| Other/mixed employment | 12.5 (6.8–18.1) | 13.3 (10.2–16.4) | 11.3 (10.1–12.4) | 18.3 (10.8–25.8) | 19.1 (8.1–30.1) |
| SNAP recipient | |||||
| No | 54.5 (45.2–63.7) | 80.2 (76.4–84.0) | 91.6 (90.5–92.7) | 67.4 (58.4–76.5) | 53.3 (39.9–66.8) |
| Yes | 45.5 (36.3–54.8) | 19.8 (16.0–23.6) | 8.4 (7.3–9.5) | 32.6 (23.5–41.6) | 46.7 (33.2–60.1) |
| Household composition | |||||
| No children in household | 67.1 (58.3–75.9) | 58.6 (53.9–63.2) | 67.2 (65.4–69.0) | 61.9 (52.9–71.0) | 56.2 (42.9–69.5) |
| Children in household | 32.9 (24.1–41.7) | 41.4 (36.8–46.1) | 32.8 (31.0–34.6) | 38.1 (29.0–47.1) | 43.8 (30.5–57.1) |
| US region | |||||
| Northeast | 8.3 (3.0–13.6) | 15.1 (11.6–18.6) | 18.5 (17.0–20.0) | 19.8 (11.8–27.8) | 13.7 (4.4–22.9) |
| Midwest | 17.1 (9.9–24.3) | 18.3 (14.9–21.7) | 21.7 (20.3–23.1) | 18.4 (11.6–25.2) | 20.3 (10.0–30.6) |
| South | 54.6 (45.4–63.8) | 42.6 (38.0–47.3) | 36.1 (34.3–37.9) | 37.3 (27.9–46.6) | 46.6 (33.0–60.1) |
| West | 20.0 (13.5–26.4) | 23.9 (20.2–27.7) | 23.7 (22.2–25.2) | 24.6 (17.2–31.9) | 19.5 (10.6–28.3) |
Abbreviation: SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.