Table 3.
Differences between patients with the success and failure of hCPAP. Younden indexes for hCPAP failure are also reported.
| Variables | hCPAP Success | hCPAP Failure | Younden Index | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66 (57–73) | 73 (63–83) | 70 | <0.001 |
| Male Sex | 98/170 | 94/125 | 0.002 | |
| Hypertension | 74/170 | 17/125 | 0.037 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 38/170 | 44/125 | 0.021 | |
| Respiratory diseases | 21/170 | 26/125 | 0.05 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11/170 | 22/125 | 0.002 | |
| Active cancer | 10/170 | 18/125 | 0.048 | |
| Severe obesity | 26/170 | 16/125 | 0.53 | |
| Neuropsychiatric disorders | 15/170 | 20/125 | 0.044 | |
| Diabetes | 31/170 | 22/125 | 0.057 | |
| Polytherapy at home | 62/170 | 77/125 | <0.001 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14 (13–15) | 14 (13–15) | 0.37 | |
| Platelets (109/L) | 220 (180–280) | 174 (135–237) | <180 | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils (units/L) | 6000 (4400–8500) | 6000 (4400–8500) | 0.59 | |
| Lymphocytes (units/L) | 860 (600–1200) | 780 (510–1040) | 0.051 | |
| International Normalized Ratio (INR) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 0.46 | |
| D-dimer (µg/mL) | 730 (470–1280) | 1070 (630–1900) | >1160 | 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 800 (660–890) | 720 (600–850) | 0.001 | |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 39 (25–60) | 39 (25–60) | 0.2 | |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 31 (20–53) | 31 (20–53) | 0.44 | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 620 (470–780) | 620 (470–780) | 0.11 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.027 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 7.4 (3.7–13) | 9.4 (5–14) | >7 | 0.013 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.09 (0.06–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.43) | >0.1 | <0.001 |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | 48 (24–84) | 75 (40–130) | >63 | <0.01 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.87 (0.78–1.05) | 1.07 (0.86–1.5) | >1.1 | <0.001 |
| Horowitz Index | 250 (170–290) | 190 (26–250) | <240 | 0.001 |
| Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | 58 (34–127) | 75 (34–180) | 0.16 | |
| Call Score | 11 (9–13) | 12 (10–13) | >10 | 0.002 |
| Days from hospital admission to hCPAP delivery | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 0.58 | |
| Days from symptom onset to hCPAP delivery | 8 (5–10) | 7 (5–9) | 0.083 | |
| Days of ventilation | 8 (6–10) | 7 (3–13) | 0.233 | |
| Therapy with tocilizumab | 25/170 | 26/125 | 0.10 | |
| Therapy with antibiotics | 94/170 | 98/125 | 0.048 |