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. 2023 Jan 3;11(1):115. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11010115

Table 2.

Clinical studies related to natural anti-inflammatory agents targeting inflammatory pathways for ASD treatment.

S. No. Molecule Targets Patient Detail Type of Study Remarks Reference
1. Dietary Supplement: Luteolin, Quercetin & Rutin combined in a capsule (Neuroprotek) IL-6 & 8
TNF-α		 N = 50
(42M/8F)
4–10 years 		Open-label trial

  • Inhibits histamine, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, & tryptase release from human mast cells.

 [51]
2. GSH, Vit. C, NAC - N = 24 Interventional

  • ▲ GSH/GSSG ratio

 [83]
3. Luteolin formulation IL-6 & 8
TNF-α		 N = 40 (34M/6F)
4–10 years		 Open-label trial

  • ▼ Mean serum IL-6 and TNF levels

[50]
4. Palmitoylethanolamide & luteolin IL-6 A 10-year-old child ATEC test

  • ▼ IL-6, IL-1, & improves symptoms

[54]

ASD—Autism Spectrum Disorders; GSH—Glutathione; GSSG—Glutathione disulfide; NAC—N-acetylcysteine; ATEC—Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist; ▼—decrease; ▲—increase; M—male; F—female.