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Gut microbiota dysbiosis leads to neurodegeneration. Dysbiosis in the gut can cause (a) inflammation with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines locally, in circulation, and in brain, (b) induction of a-synuclein aggregates in the gut that via the vagus nerve promote further aggregation in the brain where a-synuclein activates microglia and astrocytes and (c) neuroinflammation that over time leads to neurodegeneration.
